Question

explain the formation of the overtones in open and closed organ pipes​

Answer 1

Answer:

)Formation of stationary waves can be seen in the provided diagram,antinodes will be created at the open ends and nodes are in between them.

Modes of Vibrations

a) For fundamental mode of vibrations,L=

2

λ

1

;

∴λ

1

=2L

V=λ

1

f

1

;

∴V=2Lf

1

−−−−(1)

b) For the second harmonic or first overtone,

L=λ

2

V=λ

2

f

2

∴V=Lf

2

−−−−(2)

c) For the third harmonic or second overtone,

L=3×

2

λ

3

∴λ

3

=

3

2

L

V=λ

3

f

3

∴V=

3

2

Lf

3

−−−−(3)

From (1), (2) and (3) we get,

f

1

:f

2

:f

3

......=1:2:3:......

i.e. for a cylindrical tube, open at both ends, the harmonics excitable in the tube are all integral multiples of its fundamental.

∴In the general case, λ=

n

2L

,where n=1,2,......

Frequency=

λ

V

=

2l

nV

,where n=1,2,......

2) Using V=2Lf

1

(Fundamental mode of vibration)

f

1

=

2×0.85

340

=200 Hz