Question

Explain the impact of colonialism and modern states on pastoralism.

Answer 1

Under colonial rule, the life of pastoralists changed dramatically. Their grazing grounds reduced, their movements were regulated, and the tax they had to pay increased. Their agricultural stock declined and their trades and crafts were adversely affected. 

It was seen that ​in most areas the lands taken over by the British were actually grazing tracts used regularly by pastoralists. So, expansion of cultivation inevitably meant the decline of pastures and a hurdle for pastoralists.

The Forest Acts introduced by the British changed the lives of pastoralists. They were now prevented from entering many forests that had earlier provided valuable forage for their cattle. 

 Pastoralists had to pay tax on every animal they grazed on the pastures. Their freedom of grazing was curtailed.

Similarly, pastoral communities in different parts of the world in modern times  are affected in a variety of different ways. New laws and new borders affect the patterns of their movement. With increasing restrictions on their mobility,
pastoralists find it difficult to move in search of pastures. As pasture lands disappear grazing becomes a problem, while pastures thatremain deteriorate through continuous over grazing. So, pastoralism is in danger in modern times.

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Answer 2

Explanation:

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