Explain the impact of french revolution in everyday life of the people in france
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In a variety of means and ways, both in the short-term and in the long-term. Cf, The New Regime, by Isser Woloch for more information.
The Revolution passed many reforms that changed France on a fundamental level. Formerly France was a series of small dukedoms governed by the King, and some parts of France, like Savoy and Comtat-venaissin were actually either independent or governed by the Church. The Revolution divided France into a series of regions and districts, which has remained more or less unchanged (only slightly modified) to this very day. So administratively it was a total change. By abolishing feudalism and all peasant debts, comprehensively with small oversight in 1789 and then in 1793, definitely and totally, the Revolution transformed the old feudal peasantry, and changed the relationships between them and their local seigneur. The biggest change was the Metric System. Formerly there was no unified system of weights and measurements, this allowed for poor businesses and allowed local lords and merchants to exploit them. The Metric System scientifically and economically uplifted people across France. The Revolution did not quite abolish the death penalty, but it abolished torture and it got rid of many of the arbitrary and even more cruel means of execution from before 1789, namely breaking on the wheel and ended much injustice. I know some people are bringing up the Terror and the Noyades…but the fact is the Revolution also set a crucial precedent for human rights abuses, when they brought the man behind the Noyades to trial and found him guilty in 1794–1795.
The revolution’s land distribution of old Church land empowered the peasantry of the Paris Basin and made the property buying bourgeois the ruling class of France for the coming 100 years. The Jacobins also laid the foundations of a centralized French state, with laws and reforms common across France, ending regional inequities with the tragic exception of La vendee which did not fit into its rigid schema and where poor communication between them created bloodshed and pain on both sides. 1793 was in Victor Hugo’s phrase, “the triumph of France over Europe and of Paris over France”. The military reforms made in that year are worth a whole book, and I recommend The 12 Who Ruled by RR Palmer to understand what precisely it was about the Terror that makes it one of the most complex and challenging periods in history.
The Revolution has been accused of hampering France, like Alfred Cobban argued that it delayed the arrival of the Industrial Revolution to France. Others point out that the failure to reform finances adequately failed to provide long term measures of fixing its economy. That’s fair, and in defense I would say that the military situation extenuated society to prevent these problems from being solved. The War that came in 1792, declared ironically by the moderate bourgeois economically minded reformist Girondins, essentially prevented any of that from taking root.
Culturally and institutionally, the Louvre became a Museum open to the public in 1793, Lamarck did his major work at the Jardin des Plantes in 1793, these and other scientific works occured during the Revolution.
The experience of the Revolution divided the French people into pro-and-anti sides.
The Revolution passed many reforms that changed France on a fundamental level. Formerly France was a series of small dukedoms governed by the King, and some parts of France, like Savoy and Comtat-venaissin were actually either independent or governed by the Church. The Revolution divided France into a series of regions and districts, which has remained more or less unchanged (only slightly modified) to this very day. So administratively it was a total change. By abolishing feudalism and all peasant debts, comprehensively with small oversight in 1789 and then in 1793, definitely and totally, the Revolution transformed the old feudal peasantry, and changed the relationships between them and their local seigneur. The biggest change was the Metric System. Formerly there was no unified system of weights and measurements, this allowed for poor businesses and allowed local lords and merchants to exploit them. The Metric System scientifically and economically uplifted people across France. The Revolution did not quite abolish the death penalty, but it abolished torture and it got rid of many of the arbitrary and even more cruel means of execution from before 1789, namely breaking on the wheel and ended much injustice. I know some people are bringing up the Terror and the Noyades…but the fact is the Revolution also set a crucial precedent for human rights abuses, when they brought the man behind the Noyades to trial and found him guilty in 1794–1795.
The revolution’s land distribution of old Church land empowered the peasantry of the Paris Basin and made the property buying bourgeois the ruling class of France for the coming 100 years. The Jacobins also laid the foundations of a centralized French state, with laws and reforms common across France, ending regional inequities with the tragic exception of La vendee which did not fit into its rigid schema and where poor communication between them created bloodshed and pain on both sides. 1793 was in Victor Hugo’s phrase, “the triumph of France over Europe and of Paris over France”. The military reforms made in that year are worth a whole book, and I recommend The 12 Who Ruled by RR Palmer to understand what precisely it was about the Terror that makes it one of the most complex and challenging periods in history.
The Revolution has been accused of hampering France, like Alfred Cobban argued that it delayed the arrival of the Industrial Revolution to France. Others point out that the failure to reform finances adequately failed to provide long term measures of fixing its economy. That’s fair, and in defense I would say that the military situation extenuated society to prevent these problems from being solved. The War that came in 1792, declared ironically by the moderate bourgeois economically minded reformist Girondins, essentially prevented any of that from taking root.
Culturally and institutionally, the Louvre became a Museum open to the public in 1793, Lamarck did his major work at the Jardin des Plantes in 1793, these and other scientific works occured during the Revolution.
The experience of the Revolution divided the French people into pro-and-anti sides.
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