Question

Explain the impact of the Seljuk Turks, Mamluks, Crusaders, and Mongols on the Abbasid Empire.

Answer 1

Answer:

The Mamluk Sultanate famously defeated the Ilkhanate at the Battle of Ain Jalut. ... In places such as Egypt, from the Ayyubid dynasty to the time of Muhammad Ali of Egypt, mamluks were considered to be "true lords" and "true warriors", with social status above the general population in Egypt and the Levant.

Explanation:

The Seljuk empire was founded by Tughril Beg (990–1063) and his brother Chaghri Beg (989–1060) in 1037. From their homelands near the Aral Sea, the Seljuks advanced first

into Khorasan and then into mainland Persia, before eventually capturing Baghdad and conquering eastern Anatolia.

Between 750 and 833 the Abbasids raised the prestige and power of the empire, promoting commerce, industry, arts, and science, particularly during the reigns of al-Manṣūr, Hārūn al-Rashīd, and al-Maʾmūn.

Answer 2

Explain the impact of the Seljuk Turks, Mamluks, Crusaders, and Mongols on the Abbasid Empire.

• From 1250 until their dynasty was wiped out by the Ottomans in 1517, the Mamluks governed Egypt and Syria. However, the Mamluks had originally arrived during the Abbasid Caliphate in the ninth century, and even after they were overthrown by the Ottomans, they continued to play a significant role in Egyptian Islamic society and remained a powerful group until the 19th century.
• They overthrew the Crusader kingdoms of Outremer and defended Syria, Egypt, and the Islamic sacred sites against the Mongols. In the later Middle Ages, they elevated Cairo to the status of the capital of the Islamic world, and under their control, art, architecture, and learning all flourished despite the fact that these soldier-statesmen appeared to be illiterate. However, the dynasty is still mostly obscure to Westerners.
• The Mamluks, who had been separated from their families when they were young and lacked family ties in their new homelands, were reliant on their lord personally. Due to the formation of interdependency between the lower ranks and sergeants and the upper lords, the Mamluk state, which had been cut off from its parent society, was able to withstand the pressures of tribalism and personal ambition.
• Qutuz in Cairo was visited by Hulegu envoys who demanded his surrender. Qutuz believed that a deal with the Mongols was unattainable and that exile into the "bloodthirsty desert" was the equivalent of death, so he slaughtered the envoys and hung their heads on the city gates. When Qutuz mobilised, Baybars joined him.

#SPJ2