Explain the importance of sustainable development
with reference to groundwater by giving examples.
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Answer:
(i) Sustainable development is the development of a country or world not only at present, but the development which is to be continued and maintained for future generations.
(ii) For example, groundwater is a natural resource which is replenished by nature. People of a particular generation must use water in such a way that people of future generation may also be able to use groundwater. People should not overuse and degrade the quality of water so that water is exhausted or if it remains, it is contaminated to such an extent that it becomes unusable for people of future generations.
• Provision of safe and equal access to water supplies needed for domestic, municipal, industrial, agricultural, and hydropower uses.
• Measure and protect against biological and ecological degradation in aquatic ecosystems.
• Reduce discharges of pollutants into surface waters and eliminate contamination and over consumption of groundwater.
• Prevent human health risks due to the spread of waterborne diseases, water contamination, and hostile actions.
• Prevent physical modifications from land use/ cover changes or hydrologic disturbances.
• Provision of a holistic, watershed-based approach to evaluating all water resource issues that is participatory, democratic, equitable, and socioeconomically sensitive.
• Develop appropriate water resource policies.
• Provision of institutional arrangements and structures; financial systems; and legal and regulatory authorities to achieve integrated water resources management.
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