Question

Explain the institutional and technological reforms introduced by the govt to improve Indian agriculture

Answer 1

• Collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari, etc. were given priority to bring about institutional reforms in the country after Independence.
• The Green Revolution based on the use of package technology and the White Revolution (Operation Flood) were some of the strategies initiateed to improve the lot of Indian agriculture.
• Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease, establishment of Grameen banks, cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at low rates of interest were some important steps.
• Kissan Credit Card (KCC), Personal accident Insurance scheme (PAIS) are some other schemes introduced by the government.
• Minimum support price, remunerative and procurement prices for important crops to check the exploitation of farmers by speculators and middlemen.

• Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers were introduced on the radio and television.

You can choose the number of pointers as per the weightage of the question. Hope this helps. :)

Answer 2

The various technological and institutional reforms consist of various measures taken by the Central and State governments from time to time. Flooding of fields with water is now being replaced by drip irrigation and the use of sprinklers. Chemical fertilizers are being used on a large scale, to increase the farm yields.