explain the life of people living in forest regions
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India is a developing nation. The majority of its population lives in rural areas. Forests play a vital role in the rural economy. In many areas, forests and trees are among the few resources that are available to rural dwellers. They provide different kinds of benefits: jobs and incomes often needed to supplement inadequate returns from agriculture; produce such as fuelwood, food, fodder and building poles for the home; and -a range of environmental benefits, without which other activity, such as agriculture might be impossible.
Forest sector is the second largest land use after agriculture. In remote forest fringe villages about 300 million tribal and other local people depend on forest for their subsistence and livelihood and about 70% of India's rural population depends on fuelwood to meet its domestic energy needs. For about 100 million of them, forests are main source for livelihood and cash income from fuelwood, non-timber forest products (NTFP) or construction materials. More than half of India's 70 million tribal people, the most disadvantaged section of society, subsist from forests.
India's biodiversity is rich & unique. It is one of the 12 mega diversity countries in the world having vast variety of flora & fauna, which collectively account for 60-70% of world's biodiversity. Its ten bio-geographic regions represent a broad range of ecosystems. India has world's 6% flowering plant species and 14% of world's avian fauna. (World Bank 1996). There are nearly 45,000 species of plants in the country and similarly, in fauna there are 81,250 recorded species (NFAP 1999). It has 80 national parks and 441 sanctuaries, known as protected area, which is about 14.8 million ha. and this is 4.5% country's land area and 14% of forest area.
Forests contribute 1.7% of GDP of the country. However, this figure does not take into account its numerous non-market and external benefits and the vast amount of fuelwood and fodder and other forest products collected legally or illegally. One estimate shows that total annual removals from the forest is worth about US$ 7.1 billion or Rs.30,000 crores which includes about 270 million tons of fuelwood, 280 million tons of fodder and over 12 million cubic meter of timber and countless non-timber forest products (NTFP). This does not include value of environmental services provided by the forest.
The forest environment satisfies the deep-rooted tribal traditions and sentiments throughout their life until death. ... Majority of the tribal population in India actually lives inside the forests and make a living out of the forest produce collected by them; mainly edible roots and tubers and by hunting small animals.
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