Explain the life style of gollas kurumas and kurubas
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GOLLA :
The Golla people are spread out different states of India. The word 'Golla' is derived from the Sanskrit word, 'Gopal' which means keeper of cows. They are known by different names such as Yadav and Patra in Orissa. There are also other occupational subgroups such as Nunia, Haldia, Panera, Chelia and Kondar among others.
Their speak Telugu but they are also conversant in Hindi and other regional languages. The Golla are land owners and a community that rears sheep and goats. Women are also involved in agriculture and animal husbandry. The women are very good in tattooing and sing folk-songs. The men folk participate in folk-dramas. They also perform holding red hot iron balls in their mouths, hot iron plates in their hands and swallowing long knives. The Golla Pedditi performs magic in the villages and receives grain and money in return.
As a community they practice community endogamy and Gotra exogamy. Bride price is a prevalent practice. The women wear vermilion, a thali and toe rings as symbols of marriage. Naming ceremonies are observed on the twenty-first day after birth. The dead are cremated and a purification ceremony is observed on the tenth day. Child labour is prevalent among the Golla.
They worship Krishna. They also have other village deities such as Mangala, Thakurani Rajamma and Korallama. They celebrate festivals like Dol Purnima, Rathjathra, Ganesh Puja and Lakshmi Puja. They worship their agricultural implements during the major festivals. The dead are buried and death pollution is observed for eleven days.
KURUMA :
The Kurumas consider themselves as the descendants of ancient powerful Kurumbas, who lived in south India. They are also called Bet Kurumas, who are now mainly found in Mysore district of Karnataka and speak Kannada. But those in Wayanad speak a mixture of Kannada and Malayalam languages. There are also Mulla Kurumas and Jen Kurumas belonging to this Kuruma sect and the Mulla Kurumas consider themselves superior of other Kurumas.
Kurumas are an artisan tribe and their versatile skill in art and handicrafts are well known. They play flute and drum during festivals. One of their deities is 'Bettu Chikkamma' and an old man performs rituals before the deity and women are not allowed to participate in theses ceremonies. They also worship deities like Bamadu and demons and ancestral spirits. They believe that when one person dies, his soul becomes god if he is good and becomes devil if he is bad.
They choose their life partners from the tribe itself and their main occupation is pottery, mat weaving etc. It is mostly the women who are involved in these tasks. They make baskets and mats of various types with reeds and bamboo.
KURUBAS:
The Kuruba live in all regions of Karnataka. They read and write Kannada. The Kuruba are not vegetarians and they eat cereals such as rice and wheat. They are a people average in size. Marriage is allowed amongst cousins. Divorcees and the bereaved can marry again. Property goes to the sons when the father dies. There is a birth pollution that is regarded for nine days and the ceremony of naming the baby takes place on the tenth day. The couple is married at the home of the bridegroom. Their dead are buried and there is a ten day death pollution period. They use modern medicine and do family planning. In addition to farming, they weave rough blankets made of wool.
In Tamil Nadu, the Kuruba speak Kannada with members of their family but can speak Tamil and they read and write Tamil. The oldest son becomes in charge of the family when the father dies while the property is given equally to all the sons. They bury their dead. Besides shepherding, the Kuruba are in several other types of work.
The Golla people are spread out different states of India. The word 'Golla' is derived from the Sanskrit word, 'Gopal' which means keeper of cows. They are known by different names such as Yadav and Patra in Orissa. There are also other occupational subgroups such as Nunia, Haldia, Panera, Chelia and Kondar among others.
Their speak Telugu but they are also conversant in Hindi and other regional languages. The Golla are land owners and a community that rears sheep and goats. Women are also involved in agriculture and animal husbandry. The women are very good in tattooing and sing folk-songs. The men folk participate in folk-dramas. They also perform holding red hot iron balls in their mouths, hot iron plates in their hands and swallowing long knives. The Golla Pedditi performs magic in the villages and receives grain and money in return.
As a community they practice community endogamy and Gotra exogamy. Bride price is a prevalent practice. The women wear vermilion, a thali and toe rings as symbols of marriage. Naming ceremonies are observed on the twenty-first day after birth. The dead are cremated and a purification ceremony is observed on the tenth day. Child labour is prevalent among the Golla.
They worship Krishna. They also have other village deities such as Mangala, Thakurani Rajamma and Korallama. They celebrate festivals like Dol Purnima, Rathjathra, Ganesh Puja and Lakshmi Puja. They worship their agricultural implements during the major festivals. The dead are buried and death pollution is observed for eleven days.
KURUMA :
The Kurumas consider themselves as the descendants of ancient powerful Kurumbas, who lived in south India. They are also called Bet Kurumas, who are now mainly found in Mysore district of Karnataka and speak Kannada. But those in Wayanad speak a mixture of Kannada and Malayalam languages. There are also Mulla Kurumas and Jen Kurumas belonging to this Kuruma sect and the Mulla Kurumas consider themselves superior of other Kurumas.
Kurumas are an artisan tribe and their versatile skill in art and handicrafts are well known. They play flute and drum during festivals. One of their deities is 'Bettu Chikkamma' and an old man performs rituals before the deity and women are not allowed to participate in theses ceremonies. They also worship deities like Bamadu and demons and ancestral spirits. They believe that when one person dies, his soul becomes god if he is good and becomes devil if he is bad.
They choose their life partners from the tribe itself and their main occupation is pottery, mat weaving etc. It is mostly the women who are involved in these tasks. They make baskets and mats of various types with reeds and bamboo.
KURUBAS:
The Kuruba live in all regions of Karnataka. They read and write Kannada. The Kuruba are not vegetarians and they eat cereals such as rice and wheat. They are a people average in size. Marriage is allowed amongst cousins. Divorcees and the bereaved can marry again. Property goes to the sons when the father dies. There is a birth pollution that is regarded for nine days and the ceremony of naming the baby takes place on the tenth day. The couple is married at the home of the bridegroom. Their dead are buried and there is a ten day death pollution period. They use modern medicine and do family planning. In addition to farming, they weave rough blankets made of wool.
In Tamil Nadu, the Kuruba speak Kannada with members of their family but can speak Tamil and they read and write Tamil. The oldest son becomes in charge of the family when the father dies while the property is given equally to all the sons. They bury their dead. Besides shepherding, the Kuruba are in several other types of work.
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