explain the main aim of introducing land revenue settlements by the british in india . explain any two land revenue settlements introduced by them.
Answers
The main aim of the British in introducing Land Revenue Settlements, was to control the land and increase the flow of money into the British Treasury. They knew that land owners would find it difficult to pay their share, when there was drought or famine and then the British could take over their share of land from them.
The Zamindari system and the Ryotwari system were two Land Revenue Settlements prevalent in India, during the British rule. In the Zamindari system, the government owned a majority share of the land and a small minority share, belonged to the Zamindar. Under the Ryotwari system, a general land tax and rent, was collected from the cultivators of land.
The British plans revolved around generating maximum income from the land without worrying much about Indian concerns of the cultivators. They quit the age-old system of revenue administration and adopted a vicious policy of revenue collection.
The main aim of the British in proposing Land Revenue Settlements was to dominate the land control pattern and enhance the movement of money into the British Treasury.
Ryotwari System was founded by Thomas Munro in 1820 in the parts of Madras, Bombay, parts of Assam and Coorgh regions of British India.
In Ryotwari System the ownership benefits were given over to the peasants. British officials obtained taxes directly from the peasants. The income prices of Ryotwari System were 50% where the lands were barren and 60% in flooded land.
Zamindari System was launched by Cornwallis in 1793 by the Permanent Settlement Act.
It was launched in regions of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, and Varanasi and known as the Permanent Settlement System. Zamindars were considered as the master of the lands and they were granted the rights to obtain the rent from the peasants.
However, in zamindari system 1/11 of the portion belongs to Zamindars and 10/11 of the portion belongs to East India CompanyRyotwari System was founded by Thomas Munro in 1820 in the parts of Madras, Bombay, parts of Assam and Coorgh regions of British India.