explain the major forms of power sharing in modern democracy
Answers
Ans. (i) Power sharing among the different organs of government (Horizontal power sharing): In a democracy, power is shared among the different organs of the government such as the legislature, executive and the judiciary. This is called the horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of the government placed at the same level to exercise different powers. Under this kind of power sharing arrangement, one can exercise unlimited powers. Each organ has its own powers, and it can also check the powers of other. So this results in a balance of power among the various institutions.
(ii) Power sharing among governments at different levels : Under this, people choose separate governments at separate levels, for example, a general local government for the entire country and local governments at the provincial, sub-national or regional levels. Such a general government for the entire country is usually called a Federal government.
(iii) Power sharing among different social groups : In a democracy, especially, in a multi-ethnic society, power is also shared among social groups such as the religious and linguistic groups. ‘Community government’ in Belgium is a good example of this arrangement. In some countries, there are constitutional and legal arrangements whereby socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and the administration.
(iv) Power sharing among political parties, pressure groups and movements : In a democracy, power is also shared among different political parties, pressure groups and movements. Democracy provides the citizens a choice to choose their rulers. This choice is provided by the various political parties, who contest elections to win them. Such competition ensures that power does not remain in one hand.also shared among different political parties, pressure groups and movements. Democracy provides the citizens a choice to choose their rulers. This choice is provided by the various political parties, who contest elections to win them. Such competition ensures that power does not remain in one hand.
there are 4 major forms of power sharing
1.horizontal power sharing
2. vertical power sharing
3. social groups and
4. political parties, pressure groups and movemental distribution of power sharing
in which the first 2 are main and the last 2 dont need explanation
A. HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION :
1. power is divided among different organs of govt. such legislative , executive and judiciary
2. power divided is equal
3. each organ has the power to check the work of other which results in stable equillibrium or balance
4. this arrangement is called a system of checks and balances
B. VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION :
1. in it power is divided between different teirs or levels of govt.
2. power is not equally divided ie. centre is more powerful than state and local and state is more powerful than local
3. the power of different is written in constitution
4. in this each level has its own jurisdiction
5. it is a federal form of govt.
6. in this levels cannot check the work of each other
