Explain the measures used in the measurements of retention
Answers
Measurements of retention :
1] Recall : The most widely used method of testing memory or measuring retention is the method of recall. It is a passive, but direct method of measuring retention. Reproduction of learnt materials after a time span is recall. It is actually repetition of learned material, i.e., verbatim (word for word) recitation. Recall is often categorized into: i] Free Recall and ii] Serial Recall.
i] Free Recall : Free recall allows us to summon up pieces of information out of order.
ii] Serial Recall : In serial recall the material is recalled in a very specific order i.e., in which it has been learned.
2] Recognition : Recognition is considered as a sensitive method of measuring retention It is an active process where identification of elements takes place. Recognition is a common experience which refers to the fact that once the remembered event or word is in front of us, we know that we have stored it away before is familiar to us.
3] Relearning : The method of relearning is the most sensitive among all measures of retention. This method is otherwise known as the method of 'saving', which was introduced by Ebbinghaus (1885) for measuring the quantitative aspect of memory.
4] Reconstruction : Reconstruction involves the reproduction of the learned materials. Reconstruction technically means rearranging the parts of an original task, presented randomly. In this method, the stimuli are first presented in a certain arrangement, then this arrangement is broken up and the stimuli are handed over to the subject with instruction to reconstruct the original order.
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