Explain the mechanism of ATP formation in chloroplast ?
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ATP synthase is an enzyme that creates the energy storage molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the most commonly used "energy currency" of cells for most organisms. It is formed from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate(Pi). The overall reaction catalyzed by ATP synthase is:
ADP + Pi + H+out ⇌ ATP + H2O + H+in
The formation of ATP from ADP and Pi is energetically unfavorable and would normally proceed in the reverse direction. In order to drive this reaction forward, ATP synthase couples ATP synthesis during cellular respiration to an electrochemical gradientcreated by the difference in proton (H+) concentration across the mitochondrialmembrane in eukaryotes or the plasma membrane in bacteria. During photosynthesisin plants, ATP is synthesized by ATP synthase using a proton gradient created in the thylakoid lumen through the thylakoid membrane and into the chloroplast stroma.
ATP synthase consists of two main subunits, FO and F1, which has a rotational motor mechanism allowing for ATP production.Because of its rotating subunit ATP Synthase is a molecular machine.
ADP + Pi + H+out ⇌ ATP + H2O + H+in
The formation of ATP from ADP and Pi is energetically unfavorable and would normally proceed in the reverse direction. In order to drive this reaction forward, ATP synthase couples ATP synthesis during cellular respiration to an electrochemical gradientcreated by the difference in proton (H+) concentration across the mitochondrialmembrane in eukaryotes or the plasma membrane in bacteria. During photosynthesisin plants, ATP is synthesized by ATP synthase using a proton gradient created in the thylakoid lumen through the thylakoid membrane and into the chloroplast stroma.
ATP synthase consists of two main subunits, FO and F1, which has a rotational motor mechanism allowing for ATP production.Because of its rotating subunit ATP Synthase is a molecular machine.
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