Explain the mechanism of each type of bond and provide biologically significant examples of each : covalent , ionic , and hydrogen bonds .
Answers
Explanation:
Ionic bond : This bond is formed due to the transfer of one or more electrons from one type of atoms that lose electrons to the other type of atoms that have an affinity to electrons due to the transfer of electrons.
Ex : Consider the formation of Nacl . Na has 1 valency electron and Cl has 7 valency electrons. In order to form a bond these two atoms share their electrons. Here Na become positive ion by giving one electron and Cl become negative ion by accepting of electrons.
Covalent Bond : This bond is formed when two similar or dissimilar atoms achieve stability by sharing of valency electrons between themselves.
Ex : Consider the formation of Covalent bond in Cl atoms. Each Cl atom had 7 valency electrons. Each atom shares one electron to form a pair and the pair is shared by the two atoms.In this way the two chlorine atoms have 8 electrons in their valency shell.
Hydrogen bond : This is a special type of Covalent bond. This occurs between molecules in which one end is hydrogen atom.
Ex : Consider the formation of Hydrogen bond in case of water molecule. In water molecule the hydrogen and oxygen atoms are held together by covalent bonds. The positive dipole and H atom can strongly attract the negative dipole and oxygen of water molecule.
