Explain the multiplier mechanisms .
Answers
What is Multiplier Mechanism?
It was observed in the previous segment that with a change in the independent expenditure of 10 units, the change in equilibrium income is equal to 50 units (from 250 to 300). We can comprehend this by looking at the multiplier mechanism, which is elucidated below :
The manufacturing of final commodities employs factors such as capital, labour, land and entrepreneurship. In the absence of indirect taxes or subsidies, the total value of the final commodities output is allocated among distinct factors of manufacturing – interest to capital, rent to land, wages to labour etc. Whatever is left over is budgeted by the entrepreneur and is known as profit
Hence, the sum total of average factor payments in the economy, National Income, is equivalent to the average value of the output of final commodities, Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
In the above given instance, the value of the extra output, 10 is allocated among distinct various factors as factor payments and therefore, the income of the economy increases by 10. When income goes up by 10, utilisation or consumption expenditure increases by (0.8) 10, since people spend 0.8 (= mpc) fraction of their additional earning on utilisation
Therefore, in the next round, average demand in the economy increases by (0.8) 10 and there again arises an excess demand equal to (0.8) 10
Therefore, in the next manufacturing cycle, manufacturers increase their planned output further by (0.8) 10 to reinstate equilibrium. When this additional output is allocated among factors, the income of the economy increases by (0.8)10 and utilisation demand increases further by (0.8) 210, once again creating excess demand of the same amount
This procedure goes on, round after round, with manufacturers increasing their output to clear the excess demand in each round and customers spending a part of their additional income from this extra manufacturing on utilisation items – hence, creating further excess demand in the next round.