explain the nitrogen cycle in nature
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Nitrogen gas makes up around 78% of our atmosphere. It forms a part of many molecules like proteins, nucleic acid and some vitamins. Nitrogen is also found in other biologically important compounds such as alkaloids and urea. Nitrogen is thus an essential nutrient for all life forms.
The sequence in which nitrogen in the atmosphere is passed into the soil and life forms, and then released back into the atmosphere, is called the nitrogen cycle.
Nitrogen is introduced to the soil by fertilizers or animal and plant residues. Bacteria in the soil convert the nitrogen to ammonium and nitrate, which is taken up by the plants by a process of nitrogen fixation.
The process of the production of ammonia from organic compounds is called ammonification. Ammonification is the process — carried out by a variety of microorganisms — that breaks down proteins, amino acids, and other nitrogen-containing compounds in dead and waste organic matter to form ammonia.
Nitrification is the process by which ammonia is converted to nitrites (NO2-) and then to nitrates (NO3-). This process naturally occurs in the environment, where it is carried out by specialized bacteria.
Denitrification is the biological conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas, nitric oxide or nitrous oxide. These compounds are gaseous compounds and are not readily available for microbial growth; therefore they are typically released to the atmosphere. Nitrogen gas makes up over 70% of atmospheric gases, thus the release of N2 to the atmosphere is benign.
The sequence in which nitrogen in the atmosphere is passed into the soil and life forms, and then released back into the atmosphere, is called the nitrogen cycle.
Nitrogen is introduced to the soil by fertilizers or animal and plant residues. Bacteria in the soil convert the nitrogen to ammonium and nitrate, which is taken up by the plants by a process of nitrogen fixation.
The process of the production of ammonia from organic compounds is called ammonification. Ammonification is the process — carried out by a variety of microorganisms — that breaks down proteins, amino acids, and other nitrogen-containing compounds in dead and waste organic matter to form ammonia.
Nitrification is the process by which ammonia is converted to nitrites (NO2-) and then to nitrates (NO3-). This process naturally occurs in the environment, where it is carried out by specialized bacteria.
Denitrification is the biological conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas, nitric oxide or nitrous oxide. These compounds are gaseous compounds and are not readily available for microbial growth; therefore they are typically released to the atmosphere. Nitrogen gas makes up over 70% of atmospheric gases, thus the release of N2 to the atmosphere is benign.
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✔The nitrogen cycle is the process by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms.
✔This transformation can be carried out through both biological and physical processes.
✔Important processes in the nitrogen cycle include fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification.
✔The majority of Earth's atmosphere (78%) is nitrogen, making it the largest pool of nitrogen.
✔However, atmospheric nitrogen has limited availability for biological use, leading to a scarcity of usable nitrogen in many types of ecosystems.
✔The nitrogen cycle is of particular interest to ecologists because nitrogen availability can affect the rate of key ecosystem processes, including primary production and decomposition.
✔Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, use of artificial nitrogen fertilizers, and release of nitrogen in wastewater have dramatically altered the global nitrogen cycle.
______________________________
✔The nitrogen cycle is the process by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms.
✔This transformation can be carried out through both biological and physical processes.
✔Important processes in the nitrogen cycle include fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification.
✔The majority of Earth's atmosphere (78%) is nitrogen, making it the largest pool of nitrogen.
✔However, atmospheric nitrogen has limited availability for biological use, leading to a scarcity of usable nitrogen in many types of ecosystems.
✔The nitrogen cycle is of particular interest to ecologists because nitrogen availability can affect the rate of key ecosystem processes, including primary production and decomposition.
✔Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, use of artificial nitrogen fertilizers, and release of nitrogen in wastewater have dramatically altered the global nitrogen cycle.
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