Question

Explain the ovarian and uterine events that occur during a menstrual cycle in a human female under the influence of pituitary and ovarian hormones respectively

Answer 1

Menstrual cycle is the reproductive cycle in all primates and begins at puberty. In human females, menstruation occurs once in 28 to 29 days. The cycle of events starting from one menstruation till the next one is called the menstrual cycle. During the middle of the menstrual cycle, one ovum is released. The cycle starts with the menstrual flow, caused due to the breakdown of the endometrium of the uterus. Blood vessels in liquid state are discharged, but this occurs only when the ovum is not fertilised.

Answer 2

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With the start of a menstrual cycle, pituitary produces FSH hormone which stimulates the ovaries to start the formation and maturation of eggs. With the maturation of these follicles, estrogen level rises in the body indicating the formation of the mature egg. This leads to the completion of the follicular phase.

The pituitary gland now produces LH hormone which causes the release of an egg from ovary by the process of ovulation. After ovulation, luteal phase begins during which the level of progesterone in the body starts increasing. Progesterone hormone maintains the lining of the wall of the uterus for pregnancy. If pregnancy does not take place then progesterone level falls and menstrual flow begins.