Question

Explain the parts and working principle with lebelled diagram of nuclear reactor. ​

Answer 1

Answer:

Nuclear reactor:

Principle: It works on the principle of achieving controlled chain reaction of Uranium

238

U enriched with

235

U and as a result generating huge amount of energy. The controlled chain is made possible by :

slowing down the fission neutrons to thermal neutrons by using a moderator.

inserting rods that can absorb neutrons(control rods) and use them to maintain the reaction rate.

Working:

Clearly explained in the image.

In general the fuel used is

235

U which is filled in aluminium cylindrical rod.

The moderator used are D

2

O heavy water, salt water and graphite block.

The materials like Beryllium and Cadmium rods are used as control rods which controls the chain reaction by absorbing the neutron emitted in the nuclear reaction.

Cold water is circulated through the water pipes surrounding ht nuclear reactor to absorb heat.

solution

Answer 2

★ Solution :-

Please refer the attachment to see the diagram of Nuclear Reactor.

» Parts of Nuclear Reactor ::

• Pressure Vessel : It is a radiation proof container where the main reaction takes place. Inside this chamber a heavy pressure environment is made with very high temperature for the reaction to take place. Here Uranium is bombarded with a nucleus to release Barium, Krypton, neutrons and energy.

• Reactor : It is the chamber in which Pressure Vessel is present. This reactor provides extra safety by being radiation proof and transfer the products to different other stages.

• Control Rods : These are the safety rods which control the chain of reaction by controlling temperature and pressure.

• Moderator : It is a part of reactor core made of graphite which absorbs radiation and supports heat energy which is released and thus controls the energy and radiation released after reaction.

• Steam Part : This is a part of cooling system which manages the steam produced during the cooling of substances produced. It let's out steam out of the external chamber safely.

• Water Part : It is part of cooling system which contains water and through which coiled tubes containing reactants and products páss to get cooled down.

• Cooling System : It is the part of nuclear reactor where the substances that is reactants and products get cooled down.

• Coolant Circulating Pump: This pump checks the flow of cooled down substances way back to reactor core.

• Tubes : These are the part of nuclear reactor which carry the substances to different parts of reactor.

» Working Principal of Nuclear Reactor ::

Nuclear Reactor works on the principal of Nuclear Fission. In this a heavy atom is bombarded with light nucleus at heavy temperature and pressure which makes the heavy atom split into different products like Barium, Krypton, neutrons and Energy (heat and light).

» Reaction in the nuclear reactor ::

¹｡n + ²³⁵₉₂U → ¹⁴¹₅₆ Ba + ⁹²₃₆Kr + 3 ¹｡n + Energy

__________________

★ More to know :-

• Nuclear Fission is one of the type of nuclear reaction in which two less heavy and high charged particles react with each to produce energy .