Question

Explain the physical,chemical and biological factors which leads to the formation of soil.

Answer 1

Heya

Good morning friend.

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there are number of factors which contribute to the formation of soil and its fertility some of the important factors of soil formation are mentioned below.soil develops through a complex interaction of physical, chemical and biological processes various forces of nature such as change in temperature, action of running water, wind and glaciers also contribute to the formation of soil soil also consists of organic and inorganic materials.

✔️ parent material : the source of the rock fragments that makeup soil is parent material, which may either but be Bedrock or loose sediments transported elsewhere by water, wind or ice the surface Rock are exposed to the process of weathering and suffer deacy and decomposition.in this process, the rocks are converted into fine grains and provides a base for the soil formation.

✔️ relief : relief influences the process of soil formation in many ways, the most important being the slops of land. Steep slope encourages the swift flow of water, so steep slopes usually have a thin soil layer. The ares of low relief or gentle slope generally experiences decomposition and have deep layers of soil.

✔️ climate : temperature and moisture (rainfall) are the climate variables of greatest significance in soil formation. Both the chemical and biological processes in soil are usually accelerated by high temperature and abundant moisture and are slowed by low temperatures and lack of moisture.

✔️ natural vegetation : vegetation of various kinds growing in soil performs certain vital functions.
The decayed leaf material adds much needed humus to soil thereby increasing its fertility.
Roots holf the soil and so prevent erosion of soil.

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Thanks

Answer 2

Soil formation depends on the parent rock material, the climate and topography of the area, the organisms present in the soil and the time over which the soil has been developing. Over long periods of time, thousands and millions of years, the rocks near the surface of the earth are broken down by various physical, chemical and some biological processes. The end product of this breaking down is the fine particles of soil.

Physical Process:-
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●The Sun = The sun heats up rocks during the day so that they expand. At night, the rocks cool down and contract. This unequal expansion and contraction break up rocks into smaller pieces.
●Water = Water can get into the cracks formed in the rock due to uneven heating by the sun. If the water freezes, it will widen the rocks. Also fast flowing water carries big and small particles of roc downstream, causing breakdown of rock in to smaller particles.
●Wind = Strong winds erode rocks down.

Chemical Process:-
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●Lichens grow on surface of rocks release chemical substances which cause the rock surface to powder down and form thin layer of soil.

Biological Process:-
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●Living organisms: Some small plants grown in the cracks of rocks and the roots of big trees break the rocks.

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