Explain the physiological factors determining strength and speed
Answers
Age
Age effects us all this is why there are age divisions in competitions. It would be unfair to expect a 50 year old to compete against a 25 year old.
Below are the effects of age on the body
Strength
You do not reach your maximum strength until you are around 20
This is when you are fully grown
In your 20s and 30s it is still easy to build muscle.
After this, protein levels and muscle mass falls, and strength declines, so its harder to build muscle.
Oxygen capacity
This falls as you get older, so less oxygen can be taken to the muscles
Injury and disease
Older people are more prone to injury, and it takes them longer to recover from one
Older people generally suffer from more diseases
Reaction time
These get slower as you get older
Flexibility
You are most flexible in your teens
Experience
This is a vital factor in sport
As you get older, you become more experienced
Somatypes
Somatotype means the shape of your body. This can affect your suitability for certain sports.
There are 3 basic somatotypes:
1. Ectomorph (thin body shape)
Narrow shoulders, hips and chest
Not much fat or muscle
Long, thin arms and legs
Thin face, high forehead
e.g. high jump, long distance running
2. Endomorph (dumpy)
Wide hips, but narrow shoulders
Lot of fat on body, arms and legs
Ankles and wrists slim
e.g. wrestling, shot putting
3. Mesomorph (muscular)
Wide shoulders, narrow hips
Muscular body
Strong arms and thighs
Not much body fat
e.g. swimming, gymnastics
Gender
Competitions usually split men and women, along with young and old.
Men and women have different bodies
Men have longer, heavier bone structure
Women have a wider, fatter pelvis (better for child birth)
Women generally have more body fat than men
The menstrual cycle can affect performance
Girls mature earlier than boys
Girls reach physical maturity at 16 or 17
Boys mature at around 20
Men are generally stronger
Men have bigger muscles, due to higher testosterone levels
Women are generally more flexible
This is partly due to them having less muscle.
I hope it helps you...
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Strength and speed of any living body, depends on various biological and physiological factors of that particular living body.
The main factors are:
1) Health:
Healthy body means the maximum capabilities of strength and speed.
2)Age:
The strength and speed capabilities commonly decrease according with the increasing age.(due to muscle loss)
3) Oxygen level:
Oxygen level in the body is one of the most important factor which decides the ultimate strength and speed capabilities of a living body.
4) Energy level:
An energetic body without any tiredness,ensures the ultimate potentials of the strength and speed of a living body.