Explain the preparation of ethers.....irrlavent answers will be reported.....
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Explanation:
1 Preparation of ether by dehydration of alcohol
The preparation of ethers by dehydration of alcohol is a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The alcohol involved in reaction plays two roles: one alcohol molecule acts as a substrate while the other acts as a nucleophile. It can follow either an SN1 or SN2 mechanism. The choice of the mechanism depends on whether the protonated alcohol loses water before or simultaneously upon the attack of a second alcohol molecule. Generally, the secondary and tertiary alcohols follow the SN1 mechanism while the primary alcohols follow the SN2 mechanism.
2. Preparations of Ethers by Williamson Synthesis
Williamson synthesis is an important method for the preparation of symmetrical and asymmetrical ethers in laboratories. In this method, an alkyl halide is reacted with sodium alkoxide which leads to the formation of ether. The reaction generally follows the SN2 mechanism for primary alcohol.
Answer:
Preparation of Ethers by Dehydration of Alcohols
In the presence of protic acids (sulphuric acid), alcohols undergo dehydration to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example: in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 443 K yields ethene whereas it yields ethoxyethane at 413 K. This is an ideal method of preparation through primary alcohols.
preparation of ethers
The preparation of ethers by dehydration of alcohol is a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The alcohol involved in reaction plays two roles: one alcohol molecule acts as a substrate while the other acts as a nucleophile. It can follow either an SN1 or SN2 mechanism. The choice of the mechanism depends on whether the protonated alcohol loses water before or simultaneously upon the attack of a second alcohol molecule. Generally, the secondary and tertiary alcohols follow the SN1 mechanism while the primary alcohols follow the SN2 mechanism.
2. Preparations of Ethers by Williamson Synthesis
Williamson synthesis is an important method for the preparation of symmetrical and asymmetrical ethers in laboratories. In this method, an alkyl halide is reacted with sodium alkoxide which leads to the formation of ether. The reaction generally follows the SN2 mechanism for primary alcohol.
preparation of ethers
As we know alkoxides are strong bases and they can react with alkyl halides leading to elimination reactions. Williamson synthesis exhibits higher productivity in the case of primary alkyl halides. In the case of secondary alkyl halides, elimination competes with substitution whereas, we observe the formation of elimination products only in the case of tertiary alkyl halides.
Also, Read ⇒ Classification Of Alcohol, Phenol, and Ether
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