Explain the principle, construction and working of a DC motor.
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
A motor is an electrical machine which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The principle of working of a DC motor according to Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction is that “whenever a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a mechanical force”. The various parts of a DC motor are; Permanent magnets on both sides of a coil which consists of carbon brush and commutator as shown in Working of electric motor is primarily dependent upon the interaction between magnetic field and current. The direction of this force is given by Fleming’s left hand rule and it’s magnitude is given by F = BIL. Where, B = magnetic flux density, I = current and L = length of the conductor within the magnetic field.
Answer:
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the principle of a dc motor
The DC motor is the motor which converts the direct current into the mechanical work. It works on the principle of Lorentz Law, which states that “the current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic and electric field experience a force”. And that force is the Lorentz force.
Construction of DC Motor
Before understanding the working of DC motor first, we have to know about their construction. There are two main parts of the DC motor.
Armature
Stator
The rotating part is the armature and the Stator is their stationary part. The armature coil is connected to the DC supply.
The armature coil consists the commutators and brushes. The commutator converts the AC induces in the armature into DC and brushes transfer the current from rotating part of the motor to the stationary external load. The armature places between the north and south pole of the permanent or electromagnet.
Working Principle of DC Motor
A DC motor is an electrical machine which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The basic working principle of the DC motor is that whenever a current carrying conductor places in the magnetic field, it experiences a mechanical force.
Fleming’s left-hand rule and its magnitude decide the direction of this force.
Fleming’s Left Hand Rule:
If we stretch the first finger, second finger and thumb of our left hand to be perpendicular to each other, and first finger represents the direction of the magnetic field, the second finger represents the direction of the current, then the thumb represents the direction of the force experienced by the current carrying conductor.
F = BIL Newtons
Where,
B = magnetic flux density,
I = current and
L = length of the conductor within the magnetic field.
When armature winding is connected to a DC supply, an electric current sets up in the winding. Permanent magnets or field winding (electromagnetism) provides the magnetic field. In this case, current carrying armature conductors experience a force due to the magnetic field, according to the principle stated above.
The Commutator is made segmented to achieve unidirectional torque. Otherwise, the direction of force would have reversed every time when the direction of movement of the conductor is reversed in the magnetic field. This is how a DC motor works!