Explain the principle of hydraulic machine.
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Answers
The force given by fluid is given by the multiplication of pressure and area of cross- section. As the pressure is same in all the directions, the smaller piston feels a smaller force and a larger piston feels a larger force. Therefore, a large force can be generated with smaller force input by using hydraulic system.
Working:
The hydraulic system consists of a number of parts for its proper functioning. It consists of:
• a movable piston connected to the output shaft in an enclosed cylinder.
• storage tank
• filter
• electric pump
• pressure regulator
• control valve
• leakproof closed loop piping.
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Hydraulic machines use liquid fluid power to perform work. Heavy construction vehicles are a common example. In this type of machine, hydraulic fluid is pumped to various hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinders throughout the machine and becomes pressurized according to the resistance present. The fluid is controlled directly or automatically by control valves and distributed through hoses, tubes, and/or pipes.
Hydraulic systems, like pneumatic systems, are based on Pascal's law which states that any pressure applied to a fluid inside a closed system will transmit that pressure equally everywhere and in all directions. A hydraulic system uses an in-compressible liquid as its fluid, rather than a compressible gas.
The popularity of hydraulic machinery is due to the very large amount of power that can be transferred through small tubes and flexible hoses, and the high power density and wide array of actuators that can make use of this power, and the huge multiplication of forces that can be achieved by applying pressures over relatively large areas. One drawback, compared to machines using gears and shafts, is that any transmission of power results in some losses due to resistance of fluid flow through the piping.
