Question

Explain the principle of launching a satellite

Answer 1

To place a satellite at a height of 300 km, the launching velocity should atleast be about 8.5 km s-1 or 30600 kmph. If this high velocity is given to the rocket at the surface of the Earth, the rocket will be burnt due to air friction. Moreover, such high velocities cannot be developed by single rocket. Hence, multistage rockets are used. To be placed in an orbit, a satellite must be raised to the desired height and given the correct speed and direction by the launching rocket At lift off, the rocket, with a manned or unmanned satellite on top, is held down by clamps on the launching pad. Now the exhaust gases built−up an upward thrust which exceeds the rocket's weight. The clamps are then removed by remote control and the rocket accelerates upwards. To penetrate the dense lower part of the atmosphere, initially the rocket rises vertically and then tilted by a guidance system. The first stage rocket, which may burn for about 2 minutes producing a speed of 3 km s-1, lifts the vehicle to a height of about 60 km and then separates and falls back to the Earth. The vehicle now goes to its orbital height, say 160 km, where it moves horizontally for a moment. Then the second stage of the rocket fires and increases the speed that is necessary for a circular orbit. By firing small rockets with remote control system, the satellite is separated from the second stage and made to revolve in its orbit.

Answer 2

hi
The fundamental principle to be understood concerning satellites is that a satellite is a projectile. That is to say, a satellite is an object upon which the only force is gravity. Once launched into orbit, the only force governing the motion of a satellite is the force of gravity.
hope it helps you