Explain the procedure by which PCR aids in early detection of cancer.
Answers
Answer:
R-DNA technology: Recombinant DNA technology, joining together of DNA molecules from two different species that are inserted into a host organism to produce new genetic combinations. It can provide precise diagnostic information about genetic diseases.
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) involves amplification of the nucleic acid in the pathogen allowing us to detect the pathogen at very low concentration. PCR used to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients and to detect gene mutations in suspected cancer patients.
Using the conventional method of diagnosis(serum, urine analysis, etc.) early detection of disease is not possible as the markers for most diseases appear late.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA): The basic principle of ELISA is antigen-antibody reactions. ELISA can diagnose infections by detecting the presence of antigens (proteins of the pathogen) in the patient serum or by detecting the antibodies produced against the pathogen.
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Answer:
A single stranded DNA or RNA is tagged with a radioactive molecule(probe) It is allowed to hybridize to its complementary DNA in a clone of cells followed by detection using autoradiography. The clone having the mutated gene will hence not appear on the photographic film, because the probe will not have complementarity with the mutated gene. Hence, cancer induced mutation can be detected.