explain the process of digestion with the help of diagram
Answers
Answer:
(i). Food is crushed and cut in the mouth with the help of teeth and is mixed with saliva that is secreted by three salivary glands(one below the tongue and two at the side of the jaw) to make it wet and slippery, this process is known as mastication.
(ii) Saliva contains amylase that breaks down complex carbohydrates and the tongue helps in pushing the food to the next part of the alimentary canal.
(iii) The soft food then passes through the oesophagus in a wave-like movement known as a peristaltic movement.
(iv) In the stomach, food mixes with gastric juices and dil. HCl. The food is broken down to simple substances with the help of digestive enzymes like pepsinogen, while mucus protects the walls of the stomach.
(v) From the stomach, the food moves into the small intestines with the help of ring-like muscles called pyloric sphincters which allow only a little food to pass through at a time.
(vi) In the small intestine, the carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are broken down with the help of juices secreted by the pancreas, liver and the small intestine itself.
(vii) Fat is converted into small globule-like forms with the help of bile juices from the liver. This process is known as emulsification.
(viii) Pancreatic juices contain trypsin enzyme that breaks down proteins and lipase that breaks down fats.
(ix) The later part of the small intestines is alkaline in nature and helps in the digestion of carbohydrates.
(x) The broken-down food is then absorbed by small projections present on the inside walls of the intestine called villi. Villi are surrounded by blood and lymph vessels that absorb the food and transport it to the rest of the body.
(xi) Finally, the food moves into the large intestine where most of the water is removed from the food and is then passed out of the body through the anus.
Explanation:
Step 1: Mouth
To more easily absorb different foods, your saliva helps break down what you’re eating and turn it into chemicals called enzymes.
Step 2: Esophagus
Once your food is broken down from saliva and chewing, it moves through your esophagus, which is the pipe that connects your mouth to your stomach. A process called peristalsis – the tightening and relaxation of muscles in the intestine to transport food and waste products – allows food to move more smoothly through the digestive tract. This means that food can only travel in a single direction, so you could stand on your head while eating and food will continue to move through your esophagus to your stomach!
Step 3: Stomach
Your stomach is where food is stored and further broken down by acid and powerful enzymes. From there, food moves into the small intestine.
Step 4: Small Intestine
Most nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine, where food is broken down even more by enzymes released from the pancreas and bile from the liver. Anything left in the small intestine moves into the large intestine, which is also known as the colon.
Step 5: Large Intestine, Colon, Rectum and Anus
The colon is a 5- to 7-foot long muscular tube that connects the small intestine to the rectum. It’s responsible for processing waste. On average, it takes about 36 hours for waste, or stool, to get through the colon and exit the rectum through the anus.
