Explain the process of formation of
(a) Coal (b) Petroleum
Answers
Answer:
(a)coal-Coal is formed when dead plant matter decays into peat and is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial over millions of years. ... Some iron and steel making and other industrial processes burn coal. The extraction and use of coal causes many premature deaths and much illness.
(b) petroleum-fossil fuel, petroleum is formed when large quantities of dead organisms, mostly zooplankton and algae, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and subjected to both intense heat and pressure. Petroleum has mostly been recovered by oil drilling (natural petroleum springs are rare).
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Answer:
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Explanation:
Coal was formed by the decomposition of large land plants and trees buried under the Earth about 300 million years ago.About 300 million years ago, the Earth had dense forests in the low lying wet areas.Due to natural calamities like earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, etc. these forests got buried under the surface of the Earth.As more soil got deposited on them, they were compressed.As a result, the temperature also rose as they sank deeper and deeper.Due to high pressure and temperature and the absence of air, the wood of the buried forest plants and trees slowly got converted into coal.The slow process by which the dead plants buried under the Earth have become coal is called as carbonisation. Since coal was formed from the remains of the plants, it is called a fossil fuel.Coal, which is mainly carbon, on heating produces mainly carbon dioxide gas and a lot of heat energy.
Petroleum is formed from the remains of dead plants and animals.
When plants and animals die, they sink and settle on the seabed.
Millions of years ago, these dead wildlife and vegetation decomposed and got mixed with sand and silt.
Certain bacteria helped in the decomposition of this organic matter and caused some chemical changes.
Matter consisting of largely carbon and hydrogen was left behind. However, as there is not sufficient oxygen at the bottom of the sea, the matter could not decompose completely.
The partially decomposed matter remained on the seabed and eventually was covered with multiple layers of sand and silt.
This burying took millions of years, and finally, due to high temperature and pressure, the organic matter decomposed completely and formed oil.