Explain the process of formation of petroleum in earth
Answers
Answered by
242
petroleum formation occurs by various hydrocarbons combining with certain minerals such as sulphur under extreme pressure.Mordern days scientist have proven that most if not all petroleum fields were created by the remains of small animals and plant life being compressed on the sea bed by billions of tons of silt and sand several million years ago.
Answered by
87
Step 1: Diagenesis forms Kerogen
Diagenesis is a process of compaction under mild conditions of temperature and pressure. When organic aquatic sediments are deposited, they are very saturated with water and rich in minerals. Through chemical reaction, compaction, and microbial action during burial, water is forced out and proteins and carbohydrates break down to form new structures that comprise a waxy material known as “kerogen” and a black tar like substance called “bitumen”. All of this occurs within the first several hundred meters of burial.
The bitumen comprises the heaviest components of petroleum, but the kerogen will undergo further change to make hydrocarbons and, yes, more bitumen…
Step 2: Catagenesis (or “cracking”) turns kerogen into petroleum and natural gas
As temperatures and pressures increase the process of catagenesis begins, which is the thermal degradation of kerogen to form hydrocarbon chains. Importantly, the process of catagenesis is catalyzed by the minerals that are deposited and persist through marine diagenesis. The conditions of catagenesis determine the product, such that higher temperature and pressure lead to more complete “cracking” of the kerogen and progressively lighter and smaller hydrocarbons. Petroleum formation, then, requires a specific window of conditions; too hot and the product will favor natural gas, but too cold and the plankton will remain trapped as kerogen.
This behavior is contrary to what is associated with coal formation. In the case of terrestrial burial, the organic sediment is dominated by cellulose and lignin and the fraction of minerals is much smaller. Here, decomposition of the organic matter is restricted in a different way. The organic matter is condensed to form peat and, if enough temperature (geothermal energy) and pressure is supplied, it will condense and undergo catagenesis to form coal. Higher temperatures and pressures, in general, lead to higher ranks of coal.
So, the plankton is buried and it turns into oil and gas
this was all from my book....
hopeb this helps....
pls mark it as the brainliest...
Diagenesis is a process of compaction under mild conditions of temperature and pressure. When organic aquatic sediments are deposited, they are very saturated with water and rich in minerals. Through chemical reaction, compaction, and microbial action during burial, water is forced out and proteins and carbohydrates break down to form new structures that comprise a waxy material known as “kerogen” and a black tar like substance called “bitumen”. All of this occurs within the first several hundred meters of burial.
The bitumen comprises the heaviest components of petroleum, but the kerogen will undergo further change to make hydrocarbons and, yes, more bitumen…
Step 2: Catagenesis (or “cracking”) turns kerogen into petroleum and natural gas
As temperatures and pressures increase the process of catagenesis begins, which is the thermal degradation of kerogen to form hydrocarbon chains. Importantly, the process of catagenesis is catalyzed by the minerals that are deposited and persist through marine diagenesis. The conditions of catagenesis determine the product, such that higher temperature and pressure lead to more complete “cracking” of the kerogen and progressively lighter and smaller hydrocarbons. Petroleum formation, then, requires a specific window of conditions; too hot and the product will favor natural gas, but too cold and the plankton will remain trapped as kerogen.
This behavior is contrary to what is associated with coal formation. In the case of terrestrial burial, the organic sediment is dominated by cellulose and lignin and the fraction of minerals is much smaller. Here, decomposition of the organic matter is restricted in a different way. The organic matter is condensed to form peat and, if enough temperature (geothermal energy) and pressure is supplied, it will condense and undergo catagenesis to form coal. Higher temperatures and pressures, in general, lead to higher ranks of coal.
So, the plankton is buried and it turns into oil and gas
this was all from my book....
hopeb this helps....
pls mark it as the brainliest...
Similar questions