Question

explain the process of fractional distillation?

Answer 1

the crude petroleum oil extracted from Oil wells is taken to the oil refinery through pipes. in the oil refinery crude petroleum oil is refined into different useful fractions. the separation of Petroleum into different fractions is done by the process of fractional distillation .fractional distillation is a process in which fractions of Petroleum having different boiling point ranges are collected separately .fractional distillation of petroleum is carried out in high steel towers in oil refineries. the crude oil vaporized at about 400 degree Celsius and the vapours are fed into into the tower. as the vapours rise they"re cooled. the fraction with the highest boiling point condense is in the lowermost region. the liquid collect in a cooling tray and is led out .the lower boiling components Rise of the tower and condense in subsequent stages in decreasing order of boiling point

Answer 2

$\star \: \sf \green{Fractional \: Distillation}$

Fractional distillation is the process of separation of components of mixture on the basis of fractional differences in thier boiling points.

Fractional distillation is done when the difference in boiling points of the components of miscible liquids is less than 25°C.

In the process of fractional distillation, a fractional column is used along with retort or distillation flask.

Fractional column is a tube which contains glass beads,which facilitates surface for the vapour to cool and condense repeatedly.

$\star \: \sf \green{Example }$

Ethanol and water are separated from thiet mixture using fractional distillation. The boiling point of water is 100°C while the boiling point of ethanol is 78.4°C. Since the difference of thier boiling point is less than 25°C,thus they separated using fractional distillation.