explain the process of incineration
Answers
Explanation:
Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment systems are described as "thermal treatment". Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas and heat.
The incineration process is done via a grate system that combusts the waste, which is not refined and is crude. The boilers are equipped with hydraulic rams, which load the waste into an ignition cubicle. The grate method monitors the passage of waste into the burning chamber in a disciplined way. Drying of the waste facilitates its volatile property, and it is further burned on the abrade, yielding the by-product ash. The resulting flue gases from the furnaces are transported further for energy recovery in the form of steam. Combustion plants produce steam from hot flue gases emitted from the furnace at a temperature of 850°C. This hot steam is deported to the district for heating or electricity or is utilized for running the plant itself on site or for industrial use.
A wide spectrum of grates is seen in practice, such as forward reciprocating, reverse reciprocating, roller system, and horizontal pattern. The final cleared gases to be released into the atmosphere through the chimneys are released passing through air pollution control system, detoxifying pollutants like nitrogen, heavy metals, dioxins and furans, etc.
Solid by-products like bottom ash and fly ash resulting from the incineration process may be further treated to remove pollutants or else utilized for road making or diverted to landfills.
Another aspect of incineration is the fluidized-bed system, based on the conversion of solids to liquid form in the presence of air. Types of applicable waste are sewage sludge, organic constituents, and solid waste. Furnaces of the fluidized-bed system consist of rectangular or cylindrical heating grids working efficiently on waste of minute particle size, which is burned in the fluidized sand berth. The incineration process can be enhanced by the addition of dolomite for controlling acid gas emissions. Waste with high calorific value is suitable for this process. In Japan, MSW is diverted to fluidized-bed plants. The fluidized-bed system has benefits over the grate system because it works on minimum floor area utilizing less space. Fluidized-bed systems consist of bubbling type, circulating reactor, and revolving activator for efficient conversion of waste into fuel