Explain the process of initiation of protein synthesis.
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In initiation, mRNA is attached to tRNA, which is attached to the specified amino acid. We'll start withinitiation. During initiation, the mRNA, the tRNA, and the first amino acid all come together within the ribosome. The mRNA strand remains continuous, but the true initiation point is the start codon, AUG
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Initiaion of synthesis of polypeptide chain takes place as follows:
(1) Small subunit of ribosome binds to the m-RNA at 5' end.
(2) Start codon is positioned properly at P-site.
(3) Initiator tRNA, (carrying methionine in eukaryotes or formyl methionine in prokaryotes) binds with initiaion codon (AUG) of m-RNA by it's anti-codon (UAC). Codon-anti-codon pairing involves formation of hydrogen bonds.
(4) The large subunit and smaller subunit of ribosome bind in the presence of MgT^++
(5) Thus, initiator charged t-RNA occupies the P-site and A-site is vacant for next charged -RNA.
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