Question

explain the process of mineral formation

Answer 1

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It is formed in the way that all minerals generally are formed—through crystallization, the process by which atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure. One of the two ways minerals form is by: 1. crystallization of magma (cools inside the crust) or lava (cools & hardens on the surface) 2.

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Answer 2

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Natural physico-chemical processes are unique, complex, and, in some cases, totally foreign to the chemistry laboratory. New methods, techniques, and concepts must be employed to understand them. Equilibrium conditions can be attained in open systems. Components in any natural system are differentially mobile and may be considered either inert or highly mobile. It can be shown mathematically that the thermodynamic potential of a system which contains highly mobile and inert components can be expressed in exactly the same way as the potential of a closed system containing only the inert components. Because of these sharp differences in the mobility of components during metasomatic processes components in solution are capable of migrating at different rates. This results in what is known as the filtration effect. Furthermore, acidic components are able to be filtered, in general, more rapidly than basic components. Component activity during metasomatism and metamorphism is affected by solution acidity and, consequently, the types and vigor of acid-base interactions. The results of such interactions afford a new criterion with which to distinguish diffusion and infiltration processes. Metasomatic zonation may originate simultaneously without changes in temperature or composition of the initial reacting solution. Such zones need not be the result of intermittent pulses of solutions of different compositions or temperatures. On the basis of mathematical theory it can be shown that diffusion metasomatism can be distinguished from infiltration metasomatism on the basis of variability of mineral constituents and trace-element distribution. The pulsation hypothesis fails to account for the fundamental relationship between leaching and precipitation observed in a great many postmagmatic mineral deposits. This relationship can be explained by an “acid wave” within ascending magmatic and postmagmatic solutions caused by the acid filtration effect. This wave appears in three sequential, stages of mineral development, 1) leaching of bases and precipitation of silica, 2) precipitation of the dissolved bases and some magmatogenic components, and 3) the formation of quartz veins impoverished in ore minerals. Magmatic systems should be regarded as open systems with highly mobile components. Geochemical data and thermodynamic considerations do not support the idea of granitization as a diffusion or assimilation phenomenon. More than likely it is the result of infiltration of ascending “through magmatic” solutions emanating from deep seated homogeneous subcrustar locations. The alkalinity of these solutions determines the alkalinity and eutectic composition of the nascent granite magma. This would be a direct result of the acid wave effect.