Question

explain the process of scum when soap is treated with hard water

Answer 1

When a soap is used in hard water, a solid substance we call scum forms. This is because charged calcium and magnesium particles (called ions ) present in the water react with soap to form an insoluble substance. Scum builds up on clothes, baths and sinks. Detergents do not form scum. They are made from propene (formula CH3-CH=CH2) a compound from distilling crude oil. A complicated series of reactions turns propene into a detergent. Like soap, detergent molecules have a long chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms, but at the end of the molecule there is this group:

-SO3 - Na+ instead of the -COO - Na+ group present in soap.

This difference stops scum forming. When scum forms, sodium is replaced with a calcium or magnesium particle. The new substance, scum, does not dissolve in water. When a calcium or magnesium particle reacts with a detergent molecule, the new substance does dissolve in water, so there is no scum.

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Answer 2

Hey mate, here's ur answer,

Soap does not work properly when the water is hard. A soap is a sodium or potassium salt of long chain fatty acids. Hard water contains salts of calcium and magnesium. When soap is added to hard water, calcium and magnesium ions present in water displace sodium or potassium ions from the soap molecules forming an insoluble substance called scum. A lot of soap is wasted in the process.

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