Question

Explain the process of translortation of food materials in plant

Answer 1

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Answer:

Plants need water to make food through the process of photosynthesis and minerals for making proteins. Thus, a plant absorbs water and minerals from soil through roots and transport it other parts like stem, leaves, flowers etc.

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Answer 2

Answer -

• Water and minerals are absorbed from the soil by roots and transported to aerial parts through tracheids and vessels of xylem. Water flows one tracheids to another through pits. The minerals dissolved in water are transported through xylem. Water and minerals move upwards due to transpiration pull generated by evaporation of water from the mesophyll cells of leaves.

Transport of water in plants : Land plants absorb water from the soil. The main water absorbing organs are root hairs present in young roots. Each root hair is elongated epidermal cell which has cellulose cell wall. The water enters into roots hair cells actively due to water potential difference between cell sap and soil solution and passively due to transpiration pull which sucks water. From root hair the water molecules move through the cell of cortex, endodermis and pericycle to the xylem tracheids and vessels. A pull generated in the leaves due to transpiration, called transpiration pull, forces water to move upward. Finally, the water moves upward in the xylem and after passing through stem, petiole, vein and veinlets enter into the mesophyll cells of leaves from where it is diffused out through stomata.

Transport of minerals in plants : Minerals are also absorbed by land plants through roots hair and epidermal cells of root tips. They are transported along with water through with xylem tracheids and vessels. Finally, they reach the living cells of mesophylls and the metabolised. The minerals salt moves from higher partial pressure to lower partial pressure along the concentration gradient.

Transport of food in plants : In plants, the food material is synthesised in leaves and then translocated to non- green parts through living cells of phloem. The food is translocated in all directions through the seive tubes of phloem by the simple process of diffusion. They are translocated in dilute aqueous solution.