Explain the process of transpiration in human beings with the help of labelled diagram
Answers
Explanation:
थडजगैखजकमखमठैिजखक्षडरठैखथाक्षायैफक्षखक्षक्ष
In humans, transportation is carried out by the circulatory system. Transportation is carried out to transport nutrients, respiratory gases, hormones, enzymes, wastes etc to different parts of the body. Blood and lymph are the important transport fluids. Plants also show transportation through xylem and phloem. These help in conducting water and food.
∆ Briefly Notes -
● Blood (pic 2)
Blood is an important fluid connective tissue. It is mainly composed of plasma and blood cells. There are three types of blood cells, namely, red blood cells, white blood cells, and blood platelets. The RBCs have haemoglobin, an iron-containing complex protein. The WBCs are the cells that help in fighting diseases and attack any foreign bodies in the blood. The blood platelets are the ones that help in clotting of blood.
In human beings, there is a phenomenon called double circulation that occurs, which is an efficient way. The heart pumps the blood, and through the various blood vessels, it travels to different organs and then comes back again to the heart. Now, this flow of blood in humans occurs in two pathways called the pulmonary pathway and the systemic pathway.
This system ensures that the deoxygenated blood (blood carrying carbon dioxide) from the right side of the heart goes to the lungs, where gaseous exchange occurs. Blood gets filled with oxygen from the lungs and carbon dioxide is given out to the lungs(from where it leaves the body). The oxygenated blood then travels from the left side of the heart to all other parts of the body.
The double circulation seen here ensures that there is no mixing of oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood. There is also an efficient supply of oxygen to the body cells and a greater rate of blood flow in the body.
● Heart (pic 3)
How do the oxygenated blood and the deoxygenated blood not get mixed? Firstly, they travel in different blood vessels. Secondly, in the heart, there are four chambers. The blood without oxygen and the blood with oxygen flow into different chambers.
The human heart is a muscular organ, which has four chambers. The two upper chambers called the right atrium and the left atrium, and the two lower chambers called the right ventricle and left ventricle. The right atrium and the right ventricle together may be called the right heart. The left atrium with the left ventricle together can be called as the left heart. All the chambers of the heart are separated by muscular walls called septum.
● Blood Vessels
Arteries and veins are the main blood vessels. These are interconnected by a network of smaller vessels called capillaries. Veins carry deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart whereas arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to different parts of the body.
● Lymphatic system
In human beings and vertebrates, the lymphatic system acts as a subsystem of the circulatory system. It also has a role to play in the transportation in human beings. Lymph is a special fluid called the tissue fluid. It plays a role in the exchange process of nutrients and gases that occurs through blood. Any excess fluid remaining in the cells and tissues is collected by the lymph and is drained into the veins, which carry blood.
