explain the process of transportation in plants and human beings with the help of flow chart
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Answer:
Human Circulatory System Diagram
Human Circulatory System - Transportation
Circulatory system diagram highlighting the various pathways of blood (Blue=De-oxygenated blood & Red=Oxygenated blood)
Human Circulatory System
The human circulatory system consists of a network of arteries, veins, and capillaries, with the heart pumping blood through it. Its primary role is to provide essential nutrients, minerals, and hormones to various parts of the body. Alternatively, the circulatory system is also responsible for collecting metabolic waste and toxins from the cells and tissues to be purified or expelled from the body.
Features of Circulatory System
The crucial features of human circulatory are as follows:
The human circulatory system consists of blood, heart, blood vessels, and lymph.
The human circulatory system circulates blood through two loops (double circulation) – One for oxygenated blood, another for deoxygenated blood.
The human heart consists of four chambers – two ventricles and two auricles.
The human circulatory system possesses a body-wide network of blood vessels. These comprise of arteries, veins, and capillaries.
The primary function of blood vessels is to transport oxygenated blood and nutrients to all parts of the body. It is also tasked with collecting metabolic wastes to be expelled from the body.
A fact that most circulatory system diagrams do not visually represent is its sheer length. Theoretically, if the veins, arteries, and capillaries of a human were laid out, end to end, it would span a total distance of 1,00,000 kilometers (or roughly eight times the diameter of the Earth).
Organs of Circulatory System
The human circulatory system comprises of 4 main organs that have specific roles and functions. The vital circulatory system organs include:
Heart
Blood (technically, blood is considered a tissue and not an organ)
Blood Vessels
Lymphatic system
Heart
The heart is a muscular organ located in the chest cavity, right between the lungs. It is positioned slightly towards the left in the thoracic region and is enveloped by the pericardium. The human heart is separated into four chambers, namely, two upper chambers called atria (singular: atrium), and two lower chambers called ventricles.
Heart - Human Circulatory System
Heart, a major part of the human circulatory system
Though other animals possess a heart, the way their circulatory system functions is quite different from humans. And in some cases, the human circulatory system is much more evolved when compared to insects or molluscs.
Read More: Human Heart
Double Circulation
The way blood flows in the human body is unique, and it is quite efficient too. The blood circulates through the heart twice; hence, it is called double circulation. Other animals like fish have single circulation, where blood completes a circuit through the entire animal only once.
The main advantage of double circulation is that every tissue in the body has a steady supply of oxygenated blood, and it does not get mixed with the deoxygenated blood.
Further Reading: Double circulation
Double Circulation
Circulation of blood in humans – Double circulation
Blood
Blood is the body’s fluid connective tissue, and it forms a vital part of the human circulatory system. Its main function is to circulate nutrients, hormones, minerals and other essential components to different parts of the body. Blood flows through a specified set of pathways called blood vessels. The organ which is involved in pumping blood to different body parts is the heart. Blood cells, blood plasma, proteins, and other mineral components (such as sodium, potassium and calcium) constitute human blood.
Blood is composed of:
Plasma – the fluid part of the blood and is composed of 90% of water.
Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets constitute the solid part of blood.
Types of Blood Cells
The human body consists of three types of blood cells, namely:
Red blood cells (RBC) / Erythrocytes
Red blood cells are mainly involved in transporting oxygen, nutrients, and other substances to various parts of the body. These blood cells also remove waste from the body.
White blood cells (WBC) / Leukocytes
White blood cells are specialized cells which functions as a body’s defense system. They provide immunity by fending off pathogens and harmful microorganisms.