explain the process of working ofelectric motor
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An electric motor at home takes in AC power. The Alternating current direction is changed at the half cycle of the time period of the supply current.
An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical (Rotational) energy. It uses the principle of a electro-magnetic force exerted on a current carrying conductor (loop) coil, when it is placed inside a strong magnetic field.
In side the motor, we have essentially the same parts as the generator. We have a stator - which consists of two strong permanent magnets North and south poles in circular shape. In between the magnets, there is a rotor. It is in the shape of a cylindrical shaft. Around it, in the shape of a rectangle (planar surface to planar surface) there are windings made of a good and thick conductor. There is an air gap between the rotor and the stator.
When current flows in the coil, the magnetic field exerts force on the coil, so the rotor rotates. When the half cycle is reached ie., 1/2 rotation is complete, the direction of the current is changed if it is AC generator. This is done by using what is called as a commutator (using slip rings). If it is a DC generator, then the direction is in one direction. So there is no problem.
An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical (Rotational) energy. It uses the principle of a electro-magnetic force exerted on a current carrying conductor (loop) coil, when it is placed inside a strong magnetic field.
In side the motor, we have essentially the same parts as the generator. We have a stator - which consists of two strong permanent magnets North and south poles in circular shape. In between the magnets, there is a rotor. It is in the shape of a cylindrical shaft. Around it, in the shape of a rectangle (planar surface to planar surface) there are windings made of a good and thick conductor. There is an air gap between the rotor and the stator.
When current flows in the coil, the magnetic field exerts force on the coil, so the rotor rotates. When the half cycle is reached ie., 1/2 rotation is complete, the direction of the current is changed if it is AC generator. This is done by using what is called as a commutator (using slip rings). If it is a DC generator, then the direction is in one direction. So there is no problem.
jithuchly:
Sir But we give dc current to these motor. So it is DC motor
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Here is the answer
The given attachment shows the construction of an electric motor.
Structure:
Here,
A rectangular loop ABCD of copper wire with resistive coating is placed between the North Pole and South Pole of a strong magnet { Horseshoe magnet } such that the branches AB and CD are perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field.
The ends of the loop are connected to the two halves , X and Y , of split rings - X and Y have resistive coating on their inner surfaces and are tightly fitted to the axle.
The outer conducting surfaces of X and Y are in contact with the two stationary brushes , E and F , respectively.
Working:
When the circuit is completed with the plug key or switch the current flows in the direction
E ➡️A➡️B➡️C➡️D➡️ F.
As the magnetic field is directed from the north pole to the South Pole the force on AB is downward and that on CD is upward by the Fleming's Left Hand Rule. Hence , AB moves downward and CD upward.
These forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, Therefore, As observed from the side AD , the loop ABCD and the axle start rotating in anticlockwise direction.
After half rotation, X and Y come in contact with brushes F and E respectively and the current flows in direction E-D-C-B-A-F.
Hence, the force on CD is downward and that on AB is upward.Therefore , the loop and the axle continue to rotate in the anticlockwise dierection.
After every half rotation, the current in the loop is reversed and the loop and the axle start rotating in the anticlockwise direction.
When the current is switched off, the loop stops rotating after some time.
The given attachment shows the construction of an electric motor.
Structure:
Here,
A rectangular loop ABCD of copper wire with resistive coating is placed between the North Pole and South Pole of a strong magnet { Horseshoe magnet } such that the branches AB and CD are perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field.
The ends of the loop are connected to the two halves , X and Y , of split rings - X and Y have resistive coating on their inner surfaces and are tightly fitted to the axle.
The outer conducting surfaces of X and Y are in contact with the two stationary brushes , E and F , respectively.
Working:
When the circuit is completed with the plug key or switch the current flows in the direction
E ➡️A➡️B➡️C➡️D➡️ F.
As the magnetic field is directed from the north pole to the South Pole the force on AB is downward and that on CD is upward by the Fleming's Left Hand Rule. Hence , AB moves downward and CD upward.
These forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, Therefore, As observed from the side AD , the loop ABCD and the axle start rotating in anticlockwise direction.
After half rotation, X and Y come in contact with brushes F and E respectively and the current flows in direction E-D-C-B-A-F.
Hence, the force on CD is downward and that on AB is upward.Therefore , the loop and the axle continue to rotate in the anticlockwise dierection.
After every half rotation, the current in the loop is reversed and the loop and the axle start rotating in the anticlockwise direction.
When the current is switched off, the loop stops rotating after some time.
Attachments:
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