Explain the reaction between hydrogen and halogen
Answers
This section describes the chemistry of halogens with the main group elements such as the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and Groups 13 and 14. The word halogen itself means "salt former" in Greek. Halogens such as chlorine, bromine and iodine have properties that enable them to react with other elements to form important salts such as sodium chloride, also known as table salt.
Properties of Halogens
Elements such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine belong to Group 17, the halogen group. At room temperature fluorine is a yellow gas, chlorine is a pale green gas, bromine is a red liquid, and iodine is a purple solid. Astatine is a radioactive element, and exists in nature only in small amounts. All the halogens exist as diatomic molecules. They have high ionization energies and form the most electronegative group of elements. Their electron configuration, ns2np5, allows them to easily react with Group 1 and 2 metals; each halogen tends to pick up one electron, and the Group 1 and Group 2 elements each tend to lose one or two electrons, respectively. Halogens therefore react most vigorously with Group 1 and Group 2 metals of all main group elements.
All the halogens react directly with hydrogen, forming covalent bonds and—at sufficient levels of purity—colorless gases at room temperature. Hydrogen reacts with fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, forming HF, HCl, HBr, and HI, respectively. The bond strength of these molecules decreases down the group: HF>HCl>HBr>HI .
Iodine and hydrogen react non-spontaneously to produce hydrogen iodide:
H2+I2→2HI(5)
All the hydrogen halides are soluble in water, in which they form strong acids (with the exception of HF ). The general equation of hydrogen halide for the acid reaction is given below:
HX+H2O→H3O++X−(6)
Group 1: The Alkali Metals
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