Explain the reactivity of Ln+4
Answers
Answer:
The lanthanide (/ˈlænθənaɪd/) or lanthanoid (/ˈlænθənɔɪd/) series of chemical elements[1] comprises the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers 57–71, from lanthanum through lutetium.[2][3][4] These elements, along with the chemically similar elements scandium and yttrium, are often collectively known as the rare-earth elements.
The informal chemical symbol Ln is used in general discussions of lanthanide chemistry to refer to any lanthanide. All but one of the lanthanides are f-block elements, corresponding to the filling of the 4f electron shell. There is some dispute on whether lanthanum or lutetium is a d-block element, but lutetium is usually considered so by those who study the matter;[5][6] it is included due to its chemical similarities with the other 14.[7] All lanthanide elements form trivalent cations, Ln3+, whose chemistry is largely determined by the ionic radius, which decreases steadily from lanthanum to lutetium.
They are called lanthanides because the elements in the series are chemically similar to lanthanum. Since "lanthanide" means "like lanthanum", it has been argued that lanthanum cannot logically be a lanthanide, but IUPAC acknowledges its inclusion based on common usage.[8]
In presentations of the periodic table, the f-block elements are customarily shown as two additional rows below the main body of the table,[2] This convention is entirely a matter of aesthetics and formatting practicality; a rarely used wide-formatted periodic table inserts the 4f and 5f series in their proper places, as parts of the table's sixth and seventh rows (periods).
The 1985 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry "Red Book" (p. 45) recommends that "lanthanoid" is used rather than "lanthanide". The ending "-ide" normally indicates a negative ion. However, owing to wide current use, "lanthanide" is still allowed.
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Lanthanides
Lanthanum
57
La
138.91
Cerium
58
Ce
140.12
Praseodymium
59
Pr
140.91
Neodymium
60
Nd
144.24
Promethium
61
Pm
[145]
Samarium
62
Sm
150.36
Europium
63
Eu
151.96
Gadolinium
64
Gd
157.25
Terbium
65
Tb
158.93
Dysprosium
66
Dy
162.50
Holmium
67
Ho
164.93
Erbium
68
Er
167.26
Thulium
69
Tm
168.93
Ytterbium
70
Yb
173.05
Lutetium
71
Lu
174.97
Primordial From decay Synthetic Border shows natural occurrence of the element
Explanation:
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