explain the relation of political science with other social sciences.
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Political Science as a social science, deals with the political aspect of man's social life. However, it is closely related to other social sciences such as History, Economics, Sociology, Psychology, Ethics, etc. ... It deals with the origin, development and structure of all forms of human associations in the society.
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we all are acquainted with the term ‘Political Science’. Ever since man started living an organized social life, Politics has come to play a very important role. As we all know, Political Science is concerned with different political activities of human beings. However, at different stages of history Political Science has connoted different meanings and its scope is continuously widening. Though Political Science has been discussed by different political thinkers since ancient time, the history of Political Science as an academic discipline is not very old. Besides, Political Science is also linked with different other disciplines. In this unit we shall discuss the growth and evolution of Political Science as well as its relationships with other social sciences.
GROWTH OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AS A DISCIPLINE
The study of politics has had a long tradition. As a matter of fact, Political Science has its roots in ancient Greece. The Greeks used the term “politika” to describe the numerous activities of the “Polis” or city-states in which they lived. Thus, it was the Greek thinkers who laid the foundation for the development of a systematic science of politics. They were mainly concerned with questions of morality and ethics and tried to define an ideal state. The first efforts to systematically study politics can be traced in the works of the two famous political thinkers from ancient Greece, namely, Plato and Aristotle. Later, Christian religious thinkers like St. Augustine and St.Thomas Aquinas, also dwelt upon the idea of an ideal state and sought to derive moral and ethical principles regarding the same. Accordingly, in the classical (Greek) and Christian formulations, Political Science was more in the realm of political philosophy focusing on the study of state.
In the fifteenth century, Niccolo Machiavelli, the Italian political thinker, started the tradition of studying existing and historical political institutions. It marked a departure from the classical and Christian traditions of political philosophy. Efforts were made to identify institutional arrangements that would maintain social order and political stability. Accordingly, political thinkers subsequently tried to deal with the historical origins of different political institutions and their structural frameworks.
However, it must be mentioned here that the origin of Political Science as an academic discipline is not very old. Many thinkers have contributed towards the growth of Political Science as a discipline. In this context, the name of Francis Lieber, who was a professor of History and Political Science at Columbia University, needs special mention. His work ‘Civil Liberty and Self Government’ has made significant contribution towards the growth of Political Science as an academic discipline.
Another landmark in the growth of Political Science was the establishment of a school of Political Science at Columbia University at the initiative of John. W. Burgess in 1880. It was called the Faculty of Political Science. In 1886 this school inaugurated the Political Science Quarterly which was the first scholarly journal of Political Science as a discipline. It heralded a new era in the growth of the discipline as it gave scholars a new platform to express their views in writing.
The establishment of Johns Hopkins University in 1876 was another milestone in the growth of Political Science. In this context, the establishment of Johns Hopkins Historical and Political Science Association in 1877 and The Johns Hopkins Studies in Historical and Political Science are worth mentioning.
Accordingly, the above two universities- Columbia and Johns Hopkins, contributed significantly towards the growth of Political Science as an academic discipline. The studies and research carried out in these universities also widened the scope of Political Science which was earlier confined to the study of political institutions and historical origin. The subject subsequently began to embrace various concepts like rights, justice, law, sovereignty while analyzing the functioning of governments. The political thinkers also started discussing the merits and demerits of various forms of governments, political institutions etc.