explain the role and importance of information communication in Science and Technology
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Although each of the questions posed by the authors of the base paper deserves extensive discussion and decisive action, we will limit our comments to the issue of “scaling up public health education and training in low- and middle-income countries”. In particular, we would like to comment briefly on our experiences in using information and communications technology (ICT) to address this issue.
Many public health institutions in developed countries take state-of-the-art ICT for granted and assume that institutions in other countries have, or should have, a high level of ICT “literacy”. They also often assume the same level of access to the vast amount of information on the Internet. Both of these assumptions are incorrect about institutions in the majority of developing countries. Indeed, 80–85% of the world’s population has no access to the Internet, and, consequently, has no access to, or use of, educational materials as configured in developed-country institutions, assuming those materials are even appropriate for their needs.
Institutions in developing countries need ICT that is low-cost, requires a minimal level of training and experience, and has been proven to be both dependable and effective under conditions in developing countries. After much trial and error, we are currently devoting our efforts to a combination of two proven technologies that are now in use in more than 50 developing countries. These technologies are used to augment and support, but not supplant, ongoing health education programmes for multiple levels of health workers, policy-makers and the public. Although the specific configuration at each location is determined by local training needs and existing resources, each site has two core components. The first is an on-site digital library that provides (multiple) users with instantaneous, off-line access to millions of documents, web sites and educational/curricular materials. Materials in these digital libraries are instantly available 24 hours a day, every day, at virtually no cost to the users. These libraries not only serve as a source of current, comprehensive health information, even in remote “unconnected” locations, but an update mechanism allows dissemination (“publishing”) of locally produced materials to other institutions in the global network.
Many public health institutions in developed countries take state-of-the-art ICT for granted and assume that institutions in other countries have, or should have, a high level of ICT “literacy”. They also often assume the same level of access to the vast amount of information on the Internet. Both of these assumptions are incorrect about institutions in the majority of developing countries. Indeed, 80–85% of the world’s population has no access to the Internet, and, consequently, has no access to, or use of, educational materials as configured in developed-country institutions, assuming those materials are even appropriate for their needs.
Institutions in developing countries need ICT that is low-cost, requires a minimal level of training and experience, and has been proven to be both dependable and effective under conditions in developing countries. After much trial and error, we are currently devoting our efforts to a combination of two proven technologies that are now in use in more than 50 developing countries. These technologies are used to augment and support, but not supplant, ongoing health education programmes for multiple levels of health workers, policy-makers and the public. Although the specific configuration at each location is determined by local training needs and existing resources, each site has two core components. The first is an on-site digital library that provides (multiple) users with instantaneous, off-line access to millions of documents, web sites and educational/curricular materials. Materials in these digital libraries are instantly available 24 hours a day, every day, at virtually no cost to the users. These libraries not only serve as a source of current, comprehensive health information, even in remote “unconnected” locations, but an update mechanism allows dissemination (“publishing”) of locally produced materials to other institutions in the global network.
manasvi6:
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1)DEMONSTRATION:Some experiments and concepts in science can be demontrated easily and effectively by using simulation and animation
e.g. functioning of the nervous system
2)PREDICTION:Predictions can be made after compiling and processing information
e.g.meteorology
3)COLLECTING SCIENTIFIC INFORMATIOM:Internet,email, newsgroups, blogs,chatsrooms,wiki, video,etc.
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