Question

Explain the role of ei nino and southern oscillation to control the climate.

Answer 1

Answer:

The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an irregular cycle of change in wind and sea surface temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, affecting the climate of much of the tropics and subtropics. ... ENSO is known to strongly influence the rain in many countries in South America and East Asia

Explanation:

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Answer 2

El Nino and Southern Oscillations

1. Periodic development of warm Ocean Current along the Peruvian coast as a temporary replacement to the cold current .
2. El Nino is a Spanish word meaning ‘The Child.’  It refers to ‘Baby Christ’ as this current starts flowing during Christmas.
3. El Nino warm current increases the surface temperature of Sea & weakens the Trade winds in that region.

• When Tropical Eastern South Pacific Ocean experiences High Pressure → Tropical Eastern South Indian Ocean experiences Low Pressure.
• When Tropical Eastern South Pacific Ocean experiences Low Pressure → Tropical Eastern South Indian Ocean experiences High Pressure.
• This periodic change in Pressure conditions is known as ‘Southern Oscillation’ (SO)
• Difference in Pressure over Tahiti, in Pacific Ocean and Darwin, in North Australia → is computed to predict the intensity of Monsoons.
• If the pressure difference is –ve → It would mean Average / Late Monsoon.
• If the pressure difference is +ve → It would mean Heavy / Early Monsoon.

The Variations in the Pressure is because of –

1. Normally a Cold Ocean Current passes through the Peruvian coast.
2. But once every 2 – 5 years, a Warm Ocean Current flows past the Peruvian coast.
3. This change is called ‘El Nino’ phenomena.
4. Since El Nino phenomena is connected to the Ocean Pressure Variations, this effect is collectively called ‘El Nino Southern Oscillations’ (ENSO)