Explain the role of microorganisms in the production of antibiotics.
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Answers
They are produced in nature by soil bacteria and fungi. This gives the microbe an advantage when competing for food and water and other limited resources in a particular habitat, as the antibiotic kills off their competition.
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Microorganisms are the main culprit for the development of infections that can be prevented by the use of antimicrobial agents. Therapeutic efficacy of antimicrobial agents is based on the selectivity of toxicity having capability to kill the invading microorganisms without harming the host cells, but their production and stability are major concerns. Till now, several techniques have been developed to produce antimicrobial agents, and different strategies have also been adopted to prolong the stability of antimicrobial agents. In this chapter, we have briefly described the most commonly used methods for the production of antimicrobial agents. Moreover, we have also discussed in detail how antimicrobial resistance is developed as well as various methods, notably microencapsulation, that are used for the stability of antimicrobial agents.