Explain the rules of active and passive voice with examples.
Answers
Rules for Conversion from Active Voice to Passive Voice
Rule 1: Interchange of Subject and Object
While changing from the Active Voice to Passive Voice, the Subject is made the Object, and the Object becomes the Subject in the Passive Voice. Also, ‘By’ is used before the subject when it is made the object in the Passive Form. Sometimes ‘By’ is kept understood or implied also. For Example.
Active: Ram loves Shyam.
Passive: Shyam is loved by Ram.
Rule 2:
While Interchanging the Subject and Object in the Passive Voice, the Articles, Adjectives and Adjectives Phrases connected with each other are also carried over with them. They are not separated from the Subject or the Object. For Example
Active: All the children heard an interesting story.
Passive: An interesting story was heard by all the children.
Rule 3
When the pronouns are transferred from the place of Object in the Active Voice to the place of Subject of Passive Voice, their forms are changed. For Example
(i). I in place of me.
(ii). We in place of Us.
(iii). He in place of him.
(iv). She in place of her.
(v). They in place of them
Note: No change is made in the change of You or It or any Noun. For Example
Active: Mohan hates them.
Passive: They are hated by Mohan.
Rule 4
When the pronouns are transferred from the place of subject in the Active Voice to the place of Object in the Passive Voice, Their forms are changed. For Example
(i). By me in place of I
(ii). By us in place of We.
(iii). By him in place of He.
(iv). By her in place of She.
(v). By them in place of They.
Note: There is no change in You, It or any Noun, but by is added before them. For Example
Active: We love the Child.
Passive: The child is loved by us.
Active: You wrote a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by you.
Rules for Change In Verbs
Rule 5
The following changes are made in the verb –
(i). The main Verb are used in the third Form.
(ii). An Appropriate verb to be ( is, am , are, was, were, be, been, being ) is used before the Third Form of the main verb According to the Number and Person of the Subject and Tense of the Verb.
(A) Present Tense
(i). Indefinite Tense
In this Tense, Is, am or Are is used before the third form of the Main Verb according to the number and person of the Object. Structure of the Verb
Is / am / are + V3 (Third form of Verb) For Example
Active: Ram follows me.
Passive: I am followed by Ram.
(ii) Present Continuous Tense
The Structure of the Verb in this tense. Is / Am / Are + being + V3. For Example.
Active: He is writing a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by him.
Active: Ram is helping me.
Passive: I am being helped by Ram.
(iii) Present Perfect Tense
The Structure of the Verb in this Tense is. Has / have + been + V3 For Example.
Active: Mohan has read many books.
Passive: Many books have been read by Mohan.
(B). Past Tense
(i) Simple Past Tense
The structure of the verb in this Tense is. Was / Were + V3 For Example.
Active: He helped me.
Passive: I was helped by him.
Active: Ram wrote a letter.
Passive: A latter is written by Ram.
(ii) Past Continuous Tense
The structure of the verb in this tense is. Was / Were + being + V3 For Example.
Active: Ram was writing a letter.
Passive: A letter was being written by Ram....
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