Question

explain the rules of MODALS ...
it's a project work. at least 3-4 pages​

Answer 1

The modal verbs of English are a small class of auxiliary verbs used mostly to express modality (properties such as possibility, obligation, etc.).[1] They can be distinguished from other verbs by their defectiveness (they do not have participle or infinitive forms) and by their neutralization[2] (that they do not take the ending -(e)s in the third-person singular).

The principal English modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will and would. Certain other verbs are sometimes, but not always, classed as modals; these include ought, had better, and (in certain uses) dare and need. Verbs which share only some of the characteristics of the principal modals are sometimes called "quasi-modals," "semi-modals," or "pseudo-modals."[2

The verbs customarily classed as modals in English have the following properties:

They do not inflect (in the modern language) except insofar as some of them come in present–past (present–preterite) pairs. They do not add the ending -(e)s in the third-person singular (the present-tense modals therefore follow the preterite-present paradigm).[a]

They are defective: they are not used as infinitives or participles (except occasionally in non-standard English; see § Double modals below), nor as imperatives, nor (in the standard way) as subjunctives.

They function as auxiliary verbs: they modify the modality of another verb, which they govern. This verb generally appears as a bare infinitive, although in some definitions a modal verb can also govern the to-infinitive (as in the case of ought).

They have the syntactic properties associated with auxiliary verbs in English, principally that they can undergo subject–auxiliary inversion (in questions, for example) and can be negated by the appending of not after the verb.

Answer 2

1. can
Use Examples
ability to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be able to) I can speak English.
permission to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be allowed to) Can I go to the cinema?
request Can you wait a moment, please?
offer I can lend you my car till tomorrow.
suggestion Can we visit Grandma at the weekend?
possibility It can get very hot in Arizona.
2. could
Use Examples
ability to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be able to) I could speak English.
permission to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be allowed to) I could go to the cinema.
polite question * Could I go to the cinema, please?
polite request * Could you wait a moment, please?
polite offer * I could lend you my car till tomorrow.
polite suggestion * Could we visit Grandma at the weekend?
possibility * It could get very hot in Montana.
3. may
Use Examples
possibility It may rain today.
permission to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be allowed to) May I go to the cinema?
polite suggestion May I help you?
4. might
Use Examples
possibility (less possible than may) * It might rain today.
hesitant offer * Might I help you?
5. must
Use Examples
force, necessity I must go to the supermarket today.
possibility You must be tired.
advice, recommendation You must see the new film with Brad Pitt.
6. must not/may not
Use Examples
prohibition (must is a little stronger) You mustn't work on dad's computer.
You may not work on dad's computer.
7. need not
Use Examples
sth. is not necessary I needn't go to the supermarket, we're going to the restaurant tonight.
8. ought to
similar to should – ought to sounds a little less subjective

Use Examples
advice You ought to drive carefully in bad weather.
obligation You ought to switch off the light when you leave the room.
9. shall
used instead of will in the 1st person

Use Examples
suggestion Shall I carry your bag?
10. should
Use Examples
advice You should drive carefully in bad weather.
obligation You should switch off the light when you leave the room.
11. will
Use Examples
wish, request, demand, order (less polite than would) Will you please shut the door?
prediction, assumption I think it will rain on Friday.
promise I will stop smoking.
spontaneous decision Can somebody drive me to the station? - I will.
habits She's strange, she'll sit for hours without talking.
12. would
Use Examples
wish, request (more polite than will) Would you shut the door, please?
habits in the past Sometimes he would bring me some flowers.