Question

Explain the Sanskrit sources of Maratha History.

Answer 1

1. SANSKRIT SOURCES

As Marathi sources are there, there are some Sanskrit sources forthe history of Marathas. These sources can be divided into severalheads as under:-

1.1 Parnala-Parvata-Grahan-Akhyanam:-

It means the chapterof the fort of Panhala. This is a poem in Sanskrit found to S, M.Divekar in Saraswati Mahal, Tanjore. Sadashiv Mahadev Divekarpublished the poem in 1923 with its translation into Marathilanguage. The poem consists of 350 stanzas. Jayaram Pinde aSanskrit scholar composed in Sanskrit. The scholar poet was acontemporary poet to Vyankoji, the Maratha rular of Tanjore andbrother of Chhatrapati Shivaji. The poet composes in it that how hemet Shivaji, his return journey to Tanjore, Shivaji's sack of Surat,the meeting of this poet with Chhatrapati Shivaji at Raigad and thebattle of Umrani, which was fought in 1673. Hence, this is one ofthe important sources of the Maratha history.

1.2. Radha Madhava- Vilasa- Champu:-

Jayram Pinde hasalso written this poem in Sanskrit. V.K.Rajwade has published thispoem with its translation into Marathi. In this poem, the poet hascomposed stanzas on Shivaji's early life, his second sack of Surat,his attack on fort Tryambak, city of Karanja, fort of Salher, Harichand ragad, Kingdom of Jawhar and Shivaji's raid on Shaista Khan.

1.3. Shiva-Bharat:-

This is one of the most important poeticalbiography of Shivaji. Chhatrapati Shivaji ordered Parmananda tocompose a poem on the Raja, Parmananda refered to the earlyhistory of the Bhosale family which is from the period of Maloji. He has also delt with the period of Shivaji. It, therefore, is called aspoetical biography of Shivaji.

1.4.Rajvyava Kosh:-

This is a Sanskrit dictionary compliedby Raghunath Pandit-at the instance of Chhatrapati Shivaji. Thisdocument deals with the prevalent conditions during the period ofShivaji. The writer has provided Sanskrit synonyms for all Persianand Arabic word in the practice. The writer was well versed with allinstitutions, Karkhanas and their functioning under the Marathas. Inaddition to this, the writer has given ample information on the civiland military organizations of Maratha. Kashinath GangadharShastri, a well Known Sanskrit Scholar published this document in1860. Thus, this is one of the most important sources of theMaratha history.

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