Question

Explain the separation test for halides in the sample solution

Answer 1

This test is carried out in a solution of halide ions. The solution is acidified by adding dilute nitric acid. The nitric acid reacts with, and removes, other ions that might also form precipitates with silver nitrate. Silver nitrate solution is then added, and the halide can be identified from the following products:

ion presentobservationF-no precipitateCl-white precipitateBr-very pale cream precipitateI-very pale yellow precipitate

The chloride, bromide and iodide precipitates are shown in the photograph:



The chloride precipitate is easily identified, but the other two are quite similar to each other. They can only be differentiated in a side-by-side comparison. All the precipitates change color if they are exposed to light, taking on gray or purple tints. The absence of a precipitate with fluoride ions is unhelpful unless it is known that a halogen is present; otherwise, it indicates that there is no chloride, bromide, or iodide.



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