Question

Explain the significant of mitosis and meiosis division in plant cell, how mitosis and meiosis undergo in plant

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

Mitosis  

• Mitosis is a continuous process of cell division which occurs in all types of living cells.
• Mitosis involves four basic phases – prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
• Mitosis is the process where the division of cell occurs by asexual reproduction.
• In mitosis, the nuclear membrane is broken down, spindle fibres (microtubules) attach to the chromatids at the centromere and pull apart the chromatids.
• When the chromatids reach separate ends of the cells, the spindle fibres disintegrate and a nuclear membrane rebuilds around the chromosomes making two nuclei.
• Each nucleus is identical to the original nucleus as it was in G1.

Meiosis  

• Meiosis is the form of nuclear cell division that results in daughter cells that have one half the chromosome numbers as the original cell.
• In organisms that are diploid, the end result is cells that are haploid. Each daughter cell gets one complete set of chromosomes, i.e., one of each homologous pair of chromosomes.
• In humans, this means the chromosome number is reduced from 46 to 23.
• The only cells that undergo meiosis will become sperm or eggs.
• The joining together of a sperm and egg during fertilization returns the number of the chromosomes to 46.
• Cells that undergo meiosis go through the cell cycle including the S phase so begin the process with chromosomes that consist of two chromatids just as in mitosis.
• Meiosis consists of meiosis I and meiosis II. In meiosis I homologous chromosomes are separated into different nuclei.

• This is the reduction division; chromosome number is cut in half. Meiosis II is very similar to mitosis; chromatids are separated into separate nuclei.

• As in mitosis, it is spindle fibres that “pull” the chromosomes and chromatids apart.
• The end result of meiosis is four cells, each with one complete set of chromosomes instead of two sets of chromosomes.