explain the sp hybridization using example
Answers
Answer:
Formation of ethyne:
Explanation:
Both the carbon atoms in ethyne assume sp-hybrid state.In aquiring sp-hybrid state, one 2s-orbital and one 2p-orbital of excited carbon atom(1s2 2s1 2px1 2py1 2pz1) get hybridised to form two sp-hybridised orbitals.
The two sp-hybrid orbitals of carbon atom are linear and are directed at an angle of 180 degrees whereas the unhybridised p-orbitals are perpendicular to sp-orbitals and also perpendicular to each other as shown below:
In the formation of ethyne,carbon atom uses its one of the sp-hybrid orbital for overlapping with similar orbital of the other carbon to form C-C sigma bond.The other sp-hybrid orbital of each C atom overlaps axially with 1s-orbital of H-atom to form C-H sigma bond.Each of the two unhybridised orbitals of both the carbon atoms overlap sidewise to form two pi-bonds.The electron clouds of one pi-bond lie above and below the inernuclear axis whereas those of the othr pi-bond lie in front and back of the intermolecular axis.
ethyne molecule,the bond consists of one sp-sp sigma bond alongwith two pi bonds. The carbon triple bond carbon bond length is 120pm.C-H bond is sp-s sigma bond.The H-C-C angle is 180 degrees,i.e., the molecule is linear.
