Question

explain the stages of mitosis with diagram

Answer 1

In cell biology, mitosis (/maɪˈtoʊsɪs/) is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. Cell division gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the number of chromosomes is maintained.[1] In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is preceded by the S stage of interphase (during which the DNA is replicated) and is often accompanied or followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components.[2] Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells genetically identical to each other.

The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to spindle fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell.[3] The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The rest of the cell may then continue to divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells.[4] Producing three or more daughter cells instead of the normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication).[5] Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.[6]

Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission. Mitosis varies between organisms.[7] For example, animal cells undergo an "open" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, whereas fungi undergo a "closed" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus.[8] Most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Most human cells are produced by mitotic cell division. Important exceptions include the gametes – sperm and egg cells – which are produced by meiosis.

Answer 2

Explanation:

Prophase : (i) Replicated chromosomes, each consisting of 2 chromatids, condense and become visible. (ii) Microtubules are assembled into mitotic spindle. (iii) Nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear. (iv) Centriole moves to opposite poles. Metaphase : (i) Spindle fibres attached to kinetochores (small disc-shaped structures at the surface of centromers) of chromosomes. (ii) Chromosomes line up at the equator of the spindle to form metaphase plate. Anaphase : (i) Centromeres split and chromatids separate. (ii) Chromatids move to opposite poles. Telophase : (i) Chromosomes cluster at opposite poles. (ii) Nuclear envelope assembles around chromosome cluster. (iii) Nucleolus, golgi complex, ER reform.Read more on Sarthaks.com - https://www.sarthaks.com/394578/what-are-the-different-stages-of-mitosis-explain-its