Question

explain the stages of respiration
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Answer 1

Answer:

Cellular respiration uses energy in glucose to make ATP. Aerobic (“oxygen-using”) respiration occurs in three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport. In glycolysis, glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvate. This results in a net gain of two ATP molecules.

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Answer 2

Answer:

1. Glycolysis
2. Second Stage

                       a. Kreb's Cycle

                       b. Lack of Oxygen

                       c. Absence of Oxygen

Explanation:

Respiration: Respiration is the process of break down of glucose in to products like carbon-dioxide and water to release energy in the form of ATPs.

Glycolysis: It is the process of break down of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆), a 6-carbon molecule into Pyruvate (C₃H₄O₃), a 3-carbon molecule. In this process, 8 molecules of ATP are released. This takes place in the cytoplasm.

Second Stage: Depending upon the conditions (presence or absence of oxygen) and types of organisms (aerobic or anaerobic), the next step takes place.

First Case: In humans, if plenty of oxygen is present, complete oxidization of glucose take place to give out CO₂, H₂O and release 30 ATP molecules. This takes place in the mitochondria and this process is known as Kreb's cycle.

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ -------------> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 30 ATPs

Second Case: In humans, while doing vigorous exercise, the skeletal muscles perform anaerobic respiration to give out lactic acid for more energy. In this process, 2 ATPs are released. When this lactic acids gets accumulated in our muscles, this causes cramps.

C₆H₁₂O₆ -----lack of O₂-------> 2C₃H₆O₃ + 2 ATPs

Third Case: In anaerobic organisms like yeast and also in some higher plants, glucose is broken down to release energy completely in absence of oxygen to give out ethyl alcohol/ethanol and release 2 ATPs.

C₆H₁₂O₆ -----absence of O₂------> 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂ + 2 ATPs

The attached flowchart summarizes the above discussed topics.